1、山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文晚清災(zāi)荒與荒政研究姓名：管恩貴申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別：碩士專(zhuān)業(yè)：中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代史指導(dǎo)教師：晁中辰20081015山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTTheLateQingDynastyisahistoryofbloodandtearsofChinesenationDuringthistime，Chinagotintoasemicolonialandsemifeudalsocietystepbystep，andWassubjecte

2、dtotheimperialisthumiliationandoppression，peoplewereindeepdistress，andthefrequentnaturaldisastersaddedfueltothefire，continuedtopushthepeopletotheabyssofdisasterStudyofmodernChinesehistory，ifoverlooksthehistoryofthefamine

3、，theunderstandingofmodernhistoryiSincompleteStudyingLateQingDynastyfaminehistorynotonlyCanmakeUSlearnthenaturaldisastersandthegovemmenttothenaturaldisasterresponsemechanismbutalsoletUSIookatsocialtransformationinLateQing

4、Dynastyfromanotherangle，thusgraspthemodernizingcDurseofChinesesocietymoreprofoundlyInpreviousresearchfoundation，thethesishasmadeasystematicsummaryaboutthecausesofnaturaldisastersduringthelateQingDynasty(18401911)，inspect

5、edtheQinggovernment’Spolicyabouthowtorelievefamine，analyzedthedisadvantagesofgovernmentfaminereliefmeasuresinthelateQingdynastyThisPaperisdividedintofourpartsThefirstpartgivesanoverviewofthelateQingdynasty’Snaturaldisast

6、ersDrought，floods，locustswasconsideredthreenaturaldisastersinthehumandevelopmenthistory，becausethelengthlimits，thetextualmaterialhasonlymadetheoutlinetothesethreenaturedisastersAsthecomplementtotext，thethesishasappendedF

7、amineinthelateQingDynastyAnnalsTableintheendtoexpecttohavingalimpid，all—roundreproductionaboutthelateQingdynastyAmongthesecondpart，thesishasdiscussednaturaldiastersoccurrencecause，includingnaturalandsocialfactorsPeculiar

8、geographicconditionsofourcountryandtheclimatecharacteristicwerethenaturalfactorsEcologicalenvironment’Sdestruction。theplantingofopiumthefrequentwarthearduouspaymentoftaxescorveeaswellastheQinggovernmentpolitics’Scorrupti

9、onweresocialfactorswhichmadethenaturaldisasterOCCULTThethirdpartofthepaperelaboratedthelateQingdynastygovernment’SfaminereliefmeasuresASthelastfeudaloneinchinesehistorytheQingdynastyabsorbedotherdynastyS’experienceoffami

10、nereliefsetupaselfcontainedmeasureTherewasasetofstrictprocess，whichincludedreporting，perambulating，approvingandrelievingTherewasalsofoodrepertorytOpreparingforthedisastersuchasChangPingCangSheCangYiCangetcTherewerevariou

11、sreliefmeasures，suchasreduction，relieerefugeearrangement，thecomfortingandcompensatingvictimsinthenaturaldisasterTheforthpartofthepaperanalyzedthemeritsanddemeritsoftheQinggovernmentthemeasureWasmaturitywhichplayedanaccti