1、<p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　B/S結(jié)構</b></p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構即Browser/Server（瀏覽器/服務器）結(jié)構，是伴隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術出現(xiàn)的一種對C/S結(jié)構的改變或者說是改進。在這種結(jié)構中，用戶界面通過WWW來達到在前端充分實現(xiàn)部分邏輯的目的，但最主要的邏輯在服務器中實現(xiàn)，從而形成一個所謂的三層結(jié)構。B/

2、S結(jié)構主要被用于成熟的WWW技術，與多種瀏覽器腳本語言（VBScript, JavaScript）以及ActiveX技術相結(jié)合。為了實現(xiàn)強大的功能和開發(fā)成本的節(jié)約，用一個標準的網(wǎng)頁瀏覽器來與復雜的專用軟件相結(jié)合，是一種全新的軟件架構技術。在今天的軟件應用中，Windows98和Windows2000操作系統(tǒng)在瀏覽器技術上植入B/S結(jié)構已成為優(yōu)先的架構。很明顯，B/S結(jié)構的應用相對于傳統(tǒng)的C/S結(jié)構的應用程序會有巨大進步。</p&g

3、t;<p>　　B/S結(jié)構使用星形配置或使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)虛擬專網(wǎng)（VPN）來建立內(nèi)部的通訊系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡。前者具有安全、快速和準確的特性。后者則是投入的節(jié)約，與利益相關聯(lián)。以公司規(guī)模和地理位置分布為前提，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入，通過內(nèi)部防火墻至整個網(wǎng)絡。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構和B/S結(jié)構的區(qū)別:</p><p>　　客戶/服務器結(jié)構是建立在局域網(wǎng)的基礎上的。瀏覽器/服務器結(jié)構是建立在廣

4、域網(wǎng)基礎上的。</p><p>　　不同的計算機硬件環(huán)境:</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構一般建立在專用網(wǎng)絡上，在小范圍的網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中，在經(jīng)由的局域網(wǎng)服務器之間提供連接和數(shù)據(jù)交換的專業(yè)化服務。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構建立在廣域網(wǎng)以上，不需要在電話網(wǎng)絡和租用設備中安裝專門的網(wǎng)絡硬件環(huán)境。其信息自主化管理，C/S結(jié)構比一般的操作系統(tǒng)和瀏覽器適用范圍更廣，只要能聯(lián)網(wǎng)

5、就行。</p><p><b>　　不同的安全性要求:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構相對固定的一般用戶團體，其信息安全控制能力是強大的。高度機密的信息系統(tǒng)一般采用C/S結(jié)構比較合適，因為通過發(fā)布，公開了B/S結(jié)構的信息。</p><p>　　建立在廣域網(wǎng)上的B/S結(jié)構面臨未知的用戶群體，在安全控制能力上顯得薄弱一些。</p>

6、;<p><b>　　不同的程序框架:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構把更多的注意力放在過程上，對于多層次的訪問權限的操作速度則會少做考慮。</p><p>　　基于對更大優(yōu)化基礎的需求，B/S結(jié)構需考慮訪問安全和速度的多重因素。B/S 結(jié)構、C/S結(jié)構比程序框架結(jié)構更需要的是Ms.Net系列BizTalk 2000 Exchange 2000這

7、種全面支持網(wǎng)絡組件安裝系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢。Sun和IBM公司推出JavaBean組件技術來使B/S結(jié)構更加成熟。</p><p><b>　　不同的軟件信任:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構的操作可能不可避免要整體考慮，組件中的可信任成分在可信賴的B/S中要求更好。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構的多種結(jié)構，具有相對獨立的功能的組件，都是為

8、了更好的被信任。在桌子上也可以通過習慣被接受，而不是只在桌子上做石墻。</p><p><b>　　不同的系統(tǒng)維護:</b></p><p>　　系統(tǒng)軟件維護就是生存周期，巨額開支以及重要性使得C/S結(jié)構由整體的重要性這個總體目標來解決問題和對系統(tǒng)進行升級，而升級是困難的，也可能是做一個新的系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　用代替獨立的部件和系統(tǒng)的B

9、/S結(jié)構的組成元件來實現(xiàn)無縫升級，產(chǎn)生最小的系統(tǒng)維護成本，只要從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)下載安裝在用戶自己系統(tǒng)中就能得到升級。</p><p><b>　　不同的處理方式:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構來處理用戶所面對的固定的、在同一區(qū)域的問題，其安全需求的高要求以及相關的操作系統(tǒng)在方式上應該是相同的。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構建立在廣域網(wǎng)上，其

10、用戶群體的不同，地理位置上的分散，這是C/S結(jié)構所不能實現(xiàn)的，與操作系統(tǒng)平臺的關系最小。</p><p><b>　　不同的用戶界面:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構的軟件是已建立的Windows平臺軟件，其在功能方面有限的方法，反映了在瀏覽器中建立B/S結(jié)構的更高要求、更豐富而生動的表現(xiàn)與用戶的交流，是減少、降低開發(fā)成本中最困難的。</p>&

11、lt;p><b>　　不同的信息流:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構的程序一般是典型的集中機械加工，其范疇相對比較局限。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構的信息流可以改變B-B、B-C、B-G的信息，其流的轉(zhuǎn)換更像是交易中心。</p><p>　　基于B/S結(jié)構的軟件的好處:</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構只

12、是一種安裝服務器（Server）、用戶使用的瀏覽器（就像Internet Explorer, MYIE）操作軟件、瀏覽器/服務器結(jié)構。和C/S結(jié)構相比來看，盡管C/S結(jié)構堪比早期的文件服務器，加上其巨大的發(fā)展，但是與B/S結(jié)構相比，其缺點和不足之處是顯而易見的。</p><p>　　首先，B/S結(jié)構比C/S結(jié)構的維護工作量已經(jīng)大大減少了。比如C/S結(jié)構中所有要求用戶安裝和配置的軟件。如果一個擁有50家企業(yè)的客戶端

13、使用了一個C/S結(jié)構的軟件，即使這個軟件有了一些很小的變化（比如增加了一個新的功能），該系統(tǒng)必須保護工作者這樣的維護；服務器將得到最新版本的更新；將用戶過期的軟件卸載，然后安裝上新的版本，接著繼續(xù)進行建立，最可怕的是客戶外部維修工作必須進行50次。如果一方是當?shù)乜蛻舻牧硪粋€地方，系統(tǒng)維護人員也要再去那個地方進行卸載、安裝等維護工作。如果在一個客戶端停止服務之后，忘記了這樣的維護，那么客戶將由于版本不一致的問題而停止，導致不能工作。而B/

14、S結(jié)構中，客戶只需安裝而不需維護。如果我們想把企業(yè)軟件加入到B/S結(jié)構和C/S結(jié)構中去，看看我們的軟件升級、系統(tǒng)維護人員如何保護：系統(tǒng)的維護只要在網(wǎng)上將服務器升級到最新版本，其他客戶端只需重新登錄系統(tǒng)即可，所使用的最新版本軟件便已經(jīng)存在。</p><p>　　其次，為了降低整體所有權C/S結(jié)構和B/S結(jié)構的相對成本，C/S結(jié)構的軟件通常使用雙層結(jié)構。</p><p>　　雙層結(jié)構中，客戶端

15、接受用戶請求向客戶服務端數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)出要求，該數(shù)據(jù)庫服務將會提交用戶數(shù)據(jù)，用戶數(shù)據(jù)將被計算處理（可能涉及計算機、集成、統(tǒng)計等等），結(jié)果將顯示給用戶。</p><p>　　在三層結(jié)構中，客戶端接受用戶向客戶服務應用端發(fā)出的申請請求服務來從數(shù)據(jù)庫服務端中獲取數(shù)據(jù)，申請服務將被計算處理，結(jié)果會被提交給處理數(shù)據(jù)的客戶端，客戶端會給用戶一個結(jié)果。</p><p>　　這兩種結(jié)構是不同的，在客戶端操作下的

16、雙層結(jié)構以及末端的三層結(jié)構都沒有參與客戶的處理，用戶簡單的接收請求，表明了最后的結(jié)果。因為三層結(jié)構的客戶端不需要參與計算，客戶計算機配置的要求也相對較低。</p><p>　　此外，由于從客戶端申請服務只會傳輸最終結(jié)果，其數(shù)據(jù)量少，使用電話線就能滿足要求。C/S結(jié)構使用雙層結(jié)構，其使用電話線作為傳輸線路由于太慢可能會不能夠被接受。采用三層結(jié)構的翡翠中國軟件配置可以提高服務器的配置，降低用戶需要的配置。這種增長是一

17、種服務器（在同一臺電腦上的應用服務和數(shù)據(jù)庫服務）的價格，而較低分數(shù)的臺灣正是客戶機的價格標準，在降低綜合成本的所有權上扮演了一個重要角色。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構的軟件數(shù)據(jù)一致性比B/S結(jié)構要求更多:</p><p>　　在C/S結(jié)構的軟件問題解決方案中，為了讓大型企業(yè)集團使用，被用于貫穿在整個區(qū)域服務器安裝中以及數(shù)據(jù)同步模型中。這些服務器必須在每天總部獲得最終數(shù)據(jù)后被同步。局域網(wǎng)

18、故障作為個人數(shù)據(jù)庫不能及時同步的結(jié)果，服務器不是數(shù)據(jù)中的一個點，而這些數(shù)據(jù)是不一致的，這不是為了決策，對于B/S結(jié)構的軟件結(jié)構來說，其數(shù)據(jù)是存儲在每個商業(yè)文件的客戶端中，這些數(shù)據(jù)直接進入中央數(shù)據(jù)庫，這樣就不存在數(shù)據(jù)一致性的問題了。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構和B/S結(jié)構的軟件數(shù)據(jù)實時比較:</p><p>　　在集團技術應用程序中，C/S結(jié)構在當前商業(yè)下看不出任何的來龍去脈，它在數(shù)據(jù)之

19、后才被看見，而B/S結(jié)構則不同，它可以立即看到所有的當前操作以便快速決策，從而有效避免公司的損失。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構的數(shù)據(jù)安全軟件比B/S結(jié)構要求更多:</p><p>　　由于C/S結(jié)構的軟件數(shù)據(jù)分布特征，客戶出現(xiàn)諸如火災、兇殺、地震、病毒、黑客入侵等已經(jīng)成為一種可怕的數(shù)據(jù)殺手。此外，團隊標準造成的軟件應用的不同，C/S結(jié)構軟件必須在多處安裝多個服務器，而且需要各個服務器之

20、間的大量數(shù)據(jù)同步。這樣，每個數(shù)據(jù)點，在整個應用程序中，其數(shù)據(jù)安全又有潛在的數(shù)據(jù)安全。因此，在團體層面的大規(guī)模的應用中，C/S結(jié)構的軟件安全是不能被接受的。B/S結(jié)構構成的軟件部分由于其專注于在數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器總部的數(shù)據(jù)存儲，而不是保存任何商業(yè)客戶的數(shù)據(jù)庫和數(shù)據(jù)庫連接的信息以及同步的數(shù)據(jù)，很自然的會出現(xiàn)一些安全問題。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p>&l

21、t;p>　　B/S structure</p><p>　　B/S structure that Browser/Server (browser/server) structure, with the emergence of Internet technology, a change or improvement to C/S structure. In this structure, user inte

22、rface through “WWW” fully realized part of the logic in the front end to achieve, but the main logic in the server to form a so called 3-tier structure. B/S structure, primarily used to mature “WWW” technology, the combi

23、nation of multiple browsers Script Language (VBScript, JavaScript) and ActiveX technology, using a standa</p><p>　　B/S structure using star shape configuration or build an internal communications network usi

24、ng Internet “Xunizhuanwang (VPN)”. The former is characterized by security, fast and accurate. The latter is a savings investment, cross advantages. Subject to firm size and geographic distribution determined. Internet a

25、ccess through an internal firewall, then the entire network. </p><p>　　C/S with B/S distinction :</p><p>　　Client/Server is built on the basis of the LAN. Browser/Server is built on the basis of

26、 the Wan. </p><p>　　Hardware environment different :</p><p>　　C/S generally built on dedicated network, the small scope of the network environment, between via LAN servers to provide connectivit

27、y and data exchange specialized services. </p><p>　　B/S built on the Wan above, need not be specialized network hardware environment cases with the telephone network, leased equipment. Information own manage

28、ment. C/S stronger than the scope of general operating systems and browsers as long as there is on line. </p><p>　　For different security requirements:</p><p>　　C/S relatively fixed user group o

29、riented general, the control of information security is strong. General highly confidential information systems used C/S structure appropriate, through the issuance of publicly B/S information. </p><p>　　B/S

30、 built on the Wan, based on the ability to control security weak in the face of the user group is unknown. </p><p>　　Procedural framework for the different:</p><p>　　C/S procedures can focus mor

31、e on processes; multi level access to the competence of the operating speed can be less consideration. </p><p>　　B/S visit to the security and speed of multiple considerations, based on the need for greater

32、optimization basis. B/S, C/S have higher requirements than the procedural framework is the development of the structural trend from Ms. Net series BizTalk 2000-Exchange-2000, comprehensive support network components erec

33、tion system. Sun and IBM pushed the Java Bean component technology to enable B/S more mature. </p><p>　　Different software trusted:</p><p>　　C/S procedures could inevitable holistic consideratio

34、ns, the trusted components of the components is in the trusted B/S request of the good. </p><p>　　B/S of multiple structures, components for relatively independent functions. To the relatively better trusted

35、. On the table can be used to buy, instead of doing the stone wall in the tables. </p><p>　　Maintaining different systems:</p><p>　　System software maintenance is the survival cycle, big spendin

36、g, important C/S procedures as a result of the overall importance of the overall mission to address the problems and the system upgrading. Upgrading is difficult, and maybe doing a new system. </p><p>　　B/S

37、components composition of the replacement of individual components and systems to achieve seamless escalation. Minimize system maintenance costs. Downloaded from the Internet installed on the users themselves can achieve

38、 promotion. </p><p>　　Different treatment:</p><p>　　C/S procedures to deal with users face fixed, and in the same region, the security requirements of high demand, and related operating systems.

39、 Is the same system should be. </p><p>　　B/S built on the wide area network, the different user groups, geographical dispersion, and this is C/S unable to do so. Relations with the operating system platform

40、smallest. </p><p>　　Different user interface:</p><p>　　C/S are established Windows platform, the performance of limited means, to reflect the general requirements established in the browser B/S

41、higher, a more rich and vivid manifestations and users exchange. And the most difficult to reduce, reduce development costs. </p><p>　　Different information flow:</p><p>　　C/S procedures general

42、ly typical centralized mechanical processing, the world of relatively low. </p><p>　　B/S information flow can change B-B, B-C, B-G information, and the flow changes, more like trading centres. </p>&l

43、t;p>　　B/S structure of the benefits software:</p><p>　　What B/S structure is only the installation of a server (Server), and customer used browser (Browse, such as Internet Explorer, MYIE) operating softw

44、are, browser/server architecture. Compared to C/S struct, despite C/S struct compared to the earlier document server, and great progress, but compared with B/S, shortcomings and deficiencies are obvious. </p><

45、p>　　First, B/S than C/S maintenance workload has been greatly reduced. C/S struct every customer must install and configure the software. A total of 50 enterprises if a client site using a C/S struct software, even wh

46、en the software has been very minor changes (for example, increased a function), the system must protect workers such maintenance; Servers will be updated to the latest version; Will be customer old software unloading, a

47、nd then install the new version, and then proceed to set up, is the</p><p>　　Secondly, to reduce overall ownership C/S, B/S relative cost C/S software typically used two-tier structure. </p><p>

48、　　Two-tier structure, customer accepted user request to the customer service database request, the database service will be submitted to the client data, customer data will be calculated (possibly involving computers, ag

49、gregation, statistics, etc.) and the results show to the user. </p><p>　　In the three-tier structure, customer accepted user request to the customer service application to request application services to obt

50、ain data from the database services, application services will be calculated and the results submitted to the data customer, a customer results to users. </p><p>　　These two structures is different, the two-

51、tier structure in customer operation, and the three-tier structure of the ends are not involved in processing customers, users simply receiving the request, indicating that the final results. Since the three-tier structu

52、re of the client side does not need to be involved in the calculation, the client computer configuration requirements are relatively low. </p><p>　　Furthermore, since the application services to clients only

53、 transmission of the final results, the data volume less, the use of telephone lines can trust. C/S used two-tier structure, the use of telephone lines as transmission lines may not be able to accept because too slow. Ad

54、opted a three-tier structure of the jade Chinese software configuration can be improved server configuration, reduce customer configuration. This increase is a servers (application services and database services on the s

55、a</p><p>　　C/S, software data consistency more B/S:</p><p>　　In C/S struct software solutions, for use by large business groups are used throughout the regional level server installation, and th

56、en data synchronization model. These servers must be synchronized every day after the headquarters to get final data. LAN malfunctions as a result of individual databases that can not be simultaneously not even keep up,

57、the server is not a point of data, the data never consistent, not for decision making. The structure of the software B/S speaking, the data is stor</p><p>　　C/S, B/S software data real time comparisons:</

58、p><p>　　In Group class applications, C/S struct not see any current business context, is seen after data; And B/S structure is different, it can immediately see all of the current operations and facilitate rapi

59、d decision making, effectively avoid corporate losses. </p><p>　　C/S, data security software more B/S:</p><p>　　As C/S struct software data distribution characteristics, customer occurring fires

60、, murders, earthquakes, viruses, hackers have become a terrible data killer. In addition, different software applications for the group level, C/S struct software must install multiple servers everywhere, and in a number