偷窥国产在线91,亚洲无线国产观看原创,日本精品aⅴ一区二区三区,久久九九兔免费精品6

簡(jiǎn)介：4500單詞，單詞，26500英文字符，英文字符，7700漢字漢字出處出處2010INTERNATIONALSUMMERCONFERENCEONASIAPACIFICBUSINESSINNOVATIONSERVICEQUALITYISPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOBEHAVIORALINTENTIONS,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONISPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOBEHAVIORINTENTIONSSIMILARLY,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONWORKSASMEDIATORBETWEENSERVICEQUALITYANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERSTHEMODELISTESTEDINANEMPIRICALSTUDYWITHDATAFROMASURVEY243ASIAN,EUROPEANANDAMERICANCUSTOMERSWHOWERESTAYINGATLUXURYANDMEDIUMSIZEHOTELINNEPALREGARDINGWITHQUALITYMANAGEMENT,120EMPLOYEESWERETAKENASSAMPLEUNDERLUXURYANDMEDIUMSIZEHOTELSINNEPALCONSIDERINGDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTFINDINGSAMONGFOURHYPOTHESES,SERVICEQUALITYHASPOSITIVELYASSOCIATEDWITHBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERINTHEHOTELSERVICEQUALITYHASNOTRELATIONSHIPWITHCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONHASNOTDIRECTRELATIONSHIPWITHBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERBUTCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONHASWORKEDASMEDIATORBETWEENCUSTOMERSERVICEQUALITYANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERINTHEHOTELINDUSTRYRESEARCHLIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONSFUTURERESEARCHSHOULDCONSIDERONAGE,GENDER,ANDNATIONALITYAFFECTTHESERVICEQUALITYANDSATISFACTIONANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERINTHEHOTELINDUSTRYORIGINALITY/VALUETHERESEARCHPROVIDESVALUABLEINSIGHTSINTOQUALITYMANAGEMENTDIMENSION,SERVICEQUALITYDIMENSION,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONANDTHEIRBEHAVIORINTENTIONSKEYWORDSQUALITYMANAGEMENT,SERVICESQUALITY,CUSTOMERSATISFACTION,LADHARI,2009THEREISSTRONGEVIDENCEINACADEMICRESEARCHTHATSUPPORTSSERVICEQUALITYHASADIRECTRELATIONSHIPINBEHAVIORINTENTIONSORINDIRECTORCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONMEDIATESBETWEENSERVICEQUALITYANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSZEITHMALETAL1996QUALITYMANAGEMENTHASBECOMETHEPRIMEISSUEINNEPALESEBUSINESSALONGWITHTHEGROWTHOFTHESERVICESECTORSSINCE1990STHEREASONFORGROWINGAWARENESSINQUALITYANDQUALITYMANAGEMENTPHILOSOPHYISDIRECTEDRELATEDTOACHIEVEORGANIZATIONSHORTANDLONGTERMFINANCIALGOALS,INCREASEMARKETSHAREANDCREATESUSTAINABLECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEGUPTA,MCDANIALSWONSONDAVIS,2003ZINELDIN2006PATIENTSERVICESATISFACTIONHASFOUNDWITHSERVICEQUALITYANDSERVICEQUALITYISPOSITIVELYCORRELATEDWITHBEHAVIORINTENTIONSWILLINGNESSTORECOMMENDTHEHOSPITALSTOOTHERSBEHAVIORINTENTIONSCANBEMEASUREDASREPURCHASEINTENTIONS,WORDOFMOUTH,COMPLAININGBEHAVIORANDPRICE

簡(jiǎn)介：ABSTRACTTHEWORLDWIDEWEBHASCHANGEDTHEPERSPECTIVEONTHEROLETHATMAPSCANPLAYTHEIRTRADITIONALFUNCTIONREMAINS,EGTOREPRESENTANABSTRACTIONOFASELECTEDPARTOFREALITYTOOFFERINSIGHTINTOGEOSPATIALPATTERNSANDRELATIONSADDITIONALLYTHEMAPCANBEANIMPORTANTPARTOFASEARCHENGINE,ESPECIALLYINTHECONTEXTOFGEOSPATIALDATAINFRASTRUCTUREMAPSCANALSOFUNCTIONASANINTERFACETOOTHERGEOGRAPHICANDNONGEOGRAPHICINFORMATIONONTHEWEBTHEQUESTION‘WHATARETHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHISEXPANDINGROLEOFMAPSFORAWEBGISENVIRONMENT’ISADDRESSEDINTHISPAPER1INTRODUCTIONMAPSARERECOGNISEDINTHEIRCAPACITYTOOFFERANOVERVIEWOFANDINSIGHTINTOSPATIALPATTERNSANDRELATIONSMAPSCANGUIDEUSFROMATOB,SHOWTHESTRUCTUREOFTHELANDSCAPE,DISPLAYTHECHANGESINPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONS,ORSHOWFUTUREURBANPLANSMAPSDOTHISBECAUSETHEYREPRESENTABSTRACTIONSANDSELECTIONSOFREALITYIFWELLDESIGNED,THEMEANINGOFTHEIRSYMBOLOGYWILLGIVETHEUSERALINKTOAPARTOFREALITYGEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONSYSTEMSGISARECHARACTERISEDBYTHEABILITYTOINTEGRATEGEOSPATIALDATAFROMAWIDEVARIETYOFSOURCESTHEFUNCTIONALITYOFSUCHSYSTEMSALLOWSDIFFERENTKINDSOFSPATIALANALYSISOPERATIONSTHENATUREOFTHESEOPERATIONSISOFTENBASEDONAPPLICATIONSMODELS,THECURRENTDISCIPLINARYAPPROACHTOTHEPROBLEMATHANDOBVIOUSLY,MAPSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINGISNOTONLYDOTHEYPRESENTTHEFINALRESULTSOFTHESPATIALANALYSISBUTTHEYAREALSOCRITICALDURINGTHEWHOLEITERATIVEPROCESSOFGEOSPATIALDATAHANDLINGTHEPOPULARITYOFGISHASHADAGREATIMPACTONMAPSMANYMAPSHAVEBEENCREATEDANDUSED,BUTDURINGTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEGISERAMAPQUALITYWASNOTALWAYSACCEPTABLETHISWASPARTLYDUETOTHEFACTTHATNOTALLPEOPLEINVOLVEDINGISMAPMAKINGWERESKILLEDINTHISPROCESS,ANDPARTLYDUETOTHELIMITEDRESOLUTIONOFSCREENSANDPLOTTERSTHERISEOFTHEINTERNET,ANDINPARTICULARTHEWORLDWIDEWEB,WASANOTHERSTIMULANTTOMAPMAKINGANDMAPUSEHOWEVER,THEWEBHASALSOJGEOGRAPHSYST2004683–93DOI101007/S1010900401272THEROLEOFTHEMAPINAWEBGISENVIRONMENTMENNOJANKRAAKINTERNATIONALINSTITUTEOFGEOINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDEARTHOBSERVATION,DEPARTMENTOFGEOINFORMATIONPROCESSING,POBOX6,7500AAENSCHEDE,THENETHERLANDSEMAILKRAAKITCNLHAVINGHADINFLUENCEONTHEMAPAREIMAGEANALYSIS,EXPLORATORYDATAANALYSISEDA,ANDOFCOURSEMETHODOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTSINGISANDCARTOGRAPHYNOTTOBEFORGOTTENTHEABOVEDEVELOPMENTSINSCIENTIFICVISUALISATIONSTIMULATEDDIBIASE1990TODEFINEAMODELFORMAPBASEDSCIENTIFICVISUALISATIONITCOVERSBOTHTHECOMMUNICATIONANDTHINKINGFUNCTIONSOFTHEMAPCOMMUNICATIONISDESCRIBEDAS‘‘PUBLICVISUALCOMMUNICATION’’SINCEITCONCERNSMAPSAIMEDATAWIDEAUDIENCETHINKINGISDEFINEDAS‘‘PRIVATEVISUALTHINKING’’BECAUSEITISOFTENANINDIVIDUALPLAYINGWITHTHEGEOSPATIALDATATODETERMINEITSSIGNIFICANCEONAMOREDETAILEDLEVEL,DIFFERENTVISUALISATIONSTAGESCANBERECOGNISED,EACHREQUIRINGADIFFERENTSTRATEGYFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFMAPUSETHISRANGESFROMPRESENTATIONTOEXPLORATIONTHEFIRSTFITSINTOTHETRADITIONALREALMOFCARTOGRAPHY,WHERETHECARTOGRAPHERWORKSONKNOWNGEOSPATIALDATAANDCREATESCOMMUNICATIVEMAPSTHESEMAPSAREOFTENCREATEDFORMULTIPLEUSESEXPLORATIONOFTENINVOLVESADISCIPLINEEXPERTCREATINGMAPSWHILEDEALINGWITHUNKNOWNDATATHESEMAPSAREGENERALLYFORASINGLEPURPOSE,EXPEDIENTINTHEEXPERT’SATTEMPTTOSOLVEAPROBLEMWHILEDEALINGWITHTHEDATA,THEEXPERTSHOULDBEABLETORELYONCARTOGRAPHICEXPERTISE,PROVIDEDBYTHESOFTWAREORSOMEOTHERMEANSFROMTHEMAPPERSPECTIVE,ASYNTHESISOFALLTHEABOVETRENDSRESULTSINGEOVISUALIZATIONGEOVISUALIZATIONINTEGRATESAPPROACHESFROMSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATION,TOPROVIDETHEORY,METHODS,ANDTOOLSFORVISUALEXPLORATION,ANALYSIS,SYNTHESIS,ANDPRESENTATIONOFGEOSPATIALDATATHISTRENDHASBEENDESCRIBEDBYMACEACHRENANDKRAAK2001FORTHECOMMISSIONONVISUALISATIONANDVIRTUALENVIRONMENTSOFTHEINTERNATIONALCARTOGRAPHICASSOCIATIONMOREINFORMATIONCANBEFOUNDONTHECOMMISSION’SWEBSITEURL1ORINTHESPECIALISSUEOFCARTOGRAPHICANDGEOGRAPHICINFORMATIONSCIENCES2001VOL28,NO1INTHISCONTEXT,ITISOBVIOUSTHATCARTOGRAPHICDESIGNANDRESEARCHPAYATTENTIONTOHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTION–THEINTERFACES,ANDREVIVETHEATTENTIONFORTHEUSABILITYOFTHEIRPRODUCTSADDITIONALLY,ONEHASTOWORKONREPRESENTATIONISSUESANDTHEINTEGRATIONOFGEOCOMPUTINGINTHEVISUALIZATIONPROCESSASSUCHMAPSANDGRAPHICSAREUSEDTOEXPLOREGEOSPATIALDATA,THEEXPLORATIONPROCESSCANGENERATEHYPOTHESES,DEVELOPPROBLEMSOLUTIONS,ANDULTIMATELYCONSTRUCTKNOWLEDGEINAGEOVISUALIZATIONENVIRONMENTMAPSAREUSEDTOSTIMULATEVISUALTHINKINGABOUTGEOSPATIALPATTERNS,RELATIONSHIPS,ANDTRENDSONEIMPORTANTAPPROACHHEREISTOVIEWGEOSPATIALDATASETSINANUMBEROFALTERNATIVEWAYS,EG,USINGMULTIPLEREPRESENTATIONSWITHOUTCONSTRAINTSSETBYTRADITIONALTECHNIQUESORRULESTHISSHOULDAVOIDTHETRAPDESCRIBEDBYFINKEETAL1992WHOCLAIMTHAT‘‘MOSTRESEARCHERSTENDTORELYONWELLWORNPROCEDURESANDPARADIGMS’’WHILETHEYSHOULDREALIZETHAT‘‘CREATIVEDISCOVERIES,INBOTHARTANDSCIENCE,OFTENOCCURINUNUSUALSITUATIONS,WHEREONEISFORCEDTOTHINKUNCONVENTIONALLY’’NEW,FRESH,CREATIVEGRAPHICSMIGHTALSOOFFERDIFFERENTINSIGHTSANDWOULDPROBABLYHAVEMOREIMPACTTHANTRADITIONALMAPPINGMETHODSTHESEARGUMENTSAREVALIDINAWEBGISENVIRONMENTASWELL,BUTDOREQUIRESPECIFICINTERACTIVEFUNCTIONALITYTHATISNOTALWAYSOFFEREDTHEROLEOFTHEMAPINAWEBGISENVIRONMENT85

簡(jiǎn)介：ELECTRONICCOPYAVAILABLEATHTTP//SSRNCOM/ABSTRACT13163231DISCLOSUREONINTERNALCONTROLSYSTEMSASASUBSTITUTEOFALTERNATIVEGOVERNANCEMECHANISMSGIOVANNAMICHELONDEPARTMENTOFECONOMICSANDMANAGEMENTUNIVERSITYOFPADOVAVIADELSANTO,3335123PADOVA–ITALYGIOVANNAMICHELONUNIPDITSERGIOBERETTAACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTBOCCONIUNIVERSITYPIAZZASRAFFA,1120136MILANO–ITALYSERGIOBERETTAUNIBOCCONIITSAVERIOBOZZOLANDEPARTMENTOFECONOMICSANDMANAGEMENTUNIVERSITYOFPADOVAVIADELSANTO,3335123PADOVA–ITALYSAVERIOBOZZOLANUNIPDITFIRSTDRAFTJUNE2008THISDRAFTFEBRUARY2009COMMENTSAREWELCOMECORRESPONDINGAUTHOR3INTRODUCTIONACCORDINGTOAGENCYTHEORY,VARIOUSGOVERNANCEMECHANISMSREDUCETHEAGENCYPROBLEMBETWEENINVESTORSANDMANAGEMENTJENSENANDMECKLING,1976GILLAN,2006TRADITIONALLY,GOVERNANCEMECHANISMSHAVEBEENIDENTIFIEDASINTERNALOREXTERNALINTERNALMECHANISMSINCLUDETHEBOARDOFDIRECTORS,ITSROLE,STRUCTUREANDCOMPOSITIONFAMA,1980FAMAANDJENSEN,1983,MANAGERIALSHAREOWNERSHIPJENSENANDMECKLING,1976ANDINCENTIVES,THESUPERVISORYROLEPLAYEDBYLARGESHAREHOLDERSDEMSETZANDLEHN,1985,THEINTERNALCONTROLSYSTEMBUSHMANANDSMITH,2001,BYLAWANDCHARTERPROVISIONSANTITAKEOVERMEASURESANDTHEUSEOFDEBTFINANCINGJENSEN,1993EXTERNALCONTROLISEXERTEDBYTHEMARKETFORCORPORATECONTROLGROSSMANANDHART,1980,THEMANAGERIALLABORMARKETFAMA,1980ANDTHEPRODUCTMARKETHART,1983AFTERTHEVARIOUSFINANCIALSCANDALSTHATHAVESHAKENINVESTORSWORLDWIDE,CORPORATEGOVERNANCEBESTPRACTICESHAVESTRESSEDINPARTICULARTHEKEYROLEPLAYEDBYTHEINTERNALCONTROLSYSTEMICSINTHEGOVERNANCEOFTHEFIRMINTERNALCONTROLSYSTEMSCONTRIBUTETOTHEPROTECTIONOFINVESTORS’INTERESTSBOTHBYPROMOTINGANDGIVINGASSURANCEONTHERELIABILITYOFFINANCIALREPORTING,ANDBYADDRESSINGTHEBOARDS’ATTENTIONONTHETIMELYIDENTIFICATION,EVALUATIONANDMANAGEMENTOFRISKSTHATMAYCOMPROMISETHEATTAINMENTOFCORPORATEGOALSTHESEFUNCTIONSHAVEBEENWIDELYRECOGNIZEDBYTHEMOSTDIFFUSEDFRAMEWORKSFORTHEDESIGNOFICSTHATHAVESTATEDTHECENTRALITYOFINTERNALCONTROLSYSTEMSINPROVIDINGREASONABLEASSURANCETOINVESTORSREGARDINGTHEACHIEVEMENTOFOBJECTIVESCONCERNINGTHEEFFECTIVENESSANDEFFICIENCYOFOPERATIONS,THERELIABILITYOFFINANCIALREPORTINGANDTHECOMPLIANCEWITHLAWSANDREGULATIONSCOSO,19922004NOTWITHSTANDINGTHEIRRELEVANCE,INVESTORSCANNOTDIRECTLYOBSERVEICSSANDTHEREFORECANNOTGETINFORMATIONONTHEIRDESIGNANDFUNCTIONINGBECAUSETHEYAREINTERNALMECHANISMS,ACTIVITIESANDPROCESSESPUTINPLACEWITHINTHEORGANIZATIONDEUMESANDKNECHEL,2008ASINVESTORSTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHECOSTSTHEYSUSTAINTOMONITORMANAGEMENTWHENPRICINGTHEIRCLAIMSJENSENANDMECKLING1976,MANAGEMENTHAVEINCENTIVESTOCOMMUNICATEINFORMATIONONTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEICSINORDERTOINFORMINVESTORSONTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFICSWHENOTHERMONITORINGMECHANISMSTHEOWNERSHIPSTRUCTUREOFTHEFIRMANDTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORSAREWEAK,ANDTHEREBYPROVIDINGTHEMWITHTHECONVENIENTLEVELOFMONITORINGLEFTWICHETAL,1981THEPOSSIBLEEXISTENCEOFSUBSTITUTIONAMONGDIFFERENTMECHANISMSHASBEENDEBATEDINCORPORATEGOVERNANCELITERATUREREDIKERANDSETH,1995FERNANDEZANDARRONDO,2005BASEDONWILLIAMSON’S1983SUBSTITUTEHYPOTHESIS,WHICHARGUESTHATTHE

簡(jiǎn)介：ELECTRICMEASUREMENTSWITHLABVIEWVALENTINDOGARUULIERUFACULTYOFELECTRICALENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYVALAHIAOFTARGOVISTE1820BLVUNIRII,TARGOVISTE,DAMBOVITAROMANIAABSTRACTTHEPAPERPRESENTSADATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMWHICHCONSISTSINHALLEFFECTSENSORS,APCI6023NATIONALINSTRUMENTSDATAACQUISITIONBOARD,LABVIEWGRAPHICALPROGRAMMINGENVIRONMENTANDTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSACHIEVEDBYTHEAUTHORSCONCERNINGTHEBEHAVIOROFACELECTRICALCIRCUITSTHEINSTRUMENTSUSEDINTHEMEASUREMENTTECHNIQUEWEREDEVELOPEDASCOMPUTERDATABASEEQUIPMENTS,USINGWELLDETERMINEDFUNCTIONSTHEACQUISITIONOFPARAMETERS,SIGNALPROCESSING/ADAPTINGWITHTHECOMMUNICATIONPOSSIBILITYONASERIALINTERFACEORONAPARALLELPORTTODAY,DATAACQUISITIONBOARDSAREUSEDANDCANBEASSEMBLEDDIRECTLYINTOTHECOMPUTER,HAVINGTHEOPERATIONPOSSIBILITYOFANOSCILLOSCOPETHEAPPEARANCEOFTHELABVIEWENVIRONMENTWASMOTIVATEDBYTHERESEARCHAUTOMATIONACTIVITYANDBYTHEAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENT,BASEDONAHIERARCHICALINSTRUMENTSTRUCTURE,WHICHISCOMPOSEDBYTHEUSERSINTERFACEANDTHEVISUALPROGRAMMINGELEMENTSKEYWORDSDATAACQUISITION,GRAPHICALPROGRAMMING,HALLEFFECT,ELECTRICPOWER1INTRODUCTIONTHEUSEOFTHELABVIEWGRAPHICALPROGRAMMINGENVIRONMENTENSURESTHEANALYSISANDSTUDYOFPOWERMEASUREMENTMETHODSINSINGLEPHASEANDTHREEPHASEALTERNATIVECURRENTCIRCUITS3,6,7THEEVOLUTIONINBOTHELECTRICMEASUREMENTTECHNIQUE,INTHEELECTRONICFIELDANDINTHEAREAOFDATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMS,ARGUMENTSTHEOPPORTUNITYANDJUSTIFICATIONOFDESIGNINGNEWINSTRUMENTSINORDERTOIMPROVETHERESEARCHACTIVITYINTHISAREA2,32POWERMEASUREMENTINSINGLEPHASEACCIRCUITS21POWERSINACCIRCUITSTHEINSTANTANEOUSPOWER1,2,3,4TOANELECTRICDIPOLEISDEFINEDASTHEPRODUCTOFTHEINSTANTANEOUSVALUESOFTHEVOLTAGEUTOTHETERMINALOFTHEDIPOLEANDTHECURRENTITHATFLOWSTHROUGHTHEDIPOLEPUI1THEINSTANTANEOUSPOWERCANBECLASSIFIEDINTOINPUTANDOUTPUTPOWER,DEPENDINGONTHEASSOCIATIONOFTHEVOLTAGEUANDTHECURRENTI,WHICHRESPECTSTHERULEOFRECEIVERSANDGENERATORSINASINEWAVESTEADYSTATEWITHTHETPERIOD,THEACTIVEPOWERPCANBEDEFINEDASTHEAVERAGEVALUEOFTHEINSTANTANEOUSPOWER,CONSIDERINGANATURALNUMBEROFPERIODSPUINTPDTTTNT∫1112FORASINGLEPHASECIRCUITWHICHFUNCTIONSUNDERASINEWAVEPERMANENTRATE,INWHICHTHEVOLTAGEANDCURRENTHAVETHEFOLLOWINGEXPRESSIONSUTUT2SINΩ3ITIT2SINΩΦ?4ITRESULTSTHEACTIVEPOWERPUICOSΦTHEREACTIVEPOWERQUISINΦ5THEAPPARENTPOWERSUITHECOMPLEXAPPARENTPOWERSISDEFINEDINTOTHESIMPLIFIEDCOMPLEXREPRESENTATIONASTHEPRODUCTBETWEENTHECOMPLEXVOLTAGEUANDTHECONJUGATECOMPLEXCURRENTIJQPJUIUIUIS?ΦΦSINCOS6THEREALPARTOFTHECOMPLEXPOWERSISTHEACTIVEPOWERP,THEIMAGINARYPARTISTHEREACTIVEPOWERQ,THEMODULEISTHEAPPARENTPOWERSANDTHEARGUMENTISEQUALTOTHEPHASEDISPLACEMENTΦOFTHECIRCUIT{}SPRE{}SQIMSS7FORASINGLEPHASECIRCUITWHICHDOESNOTFUNCTIONINSINEWAVERATE4ANDHASTHETERMINALVOLTAGEUTPROCOFTHE8THWSEASINTCONFONMATHEMATICALMETHODSANDCOMPUTATIONALTECHNIQUESINELECTRICALENGINEERING,BUCHAREST,OCTOBER1617,2006197GALVANICISOLATIONOFTHEMEASURINGSYSTEM,BUTITINTRODUCESRATIOANDANGLEERRORSANDREALIZESANINADEQUATEPERTURBATIONTRANSFERTHEADOPTEDSOLUTIONWASTOUSECURRENTANDVOLTAGETRANSDUCERSBASEDONTHEHALLEFFECTTHEBLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHEACQUISITIONSYSTEMISPRESENTEDINFIG2ANDFIG3PRESENTSTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSREMARKTHEVOLTAGEVALUESANDTHEPARAMETERSOFTHECONSUMERSINFIG3A,WEREINTRODUCEDINTOTHEAPPLICATIONREALIZEDFORSIMULATIONFIG13POWERMEASUREMENTINTHREEPHASEACCIRCUITSFORARANDOMRECEIVERZ,CONSISTINGINLINEARIMPEDANCES,FORMINGASYSTEMWITHNNODESWHICHISALIMENTEDTHROUGHACIRCUITWITHNCONDUCTORS1,THETOTALCOMPLEXAPPARENTPOWERSTRANSMITTEDTOTHERECEIVERISSVIVIVIVIKKNN112213BYEXPRESSINGTHEPOTENTIALSOFTHENODESUSINGTHEPOTENTIALDIFFERENCESREPORTEDTOAPOINTNHAVINGARANDOMPOTENTIAL,THEEXPRESSION31BECOMESSUIUIUIUINNKNKNN1122N14THEDEFINITIONSOFACTIVEANDREACTIVEPOWERGIVETHEFOLLOWINGRESULTS∑NKKNKNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNPPPPPPIUIUIUIUIUIUIUIUIUSP121222211112211,COS,COS,COS}RE{}RE{15,SINSIN,SIN}IM{}IM{222211112211NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNIUIUIUIUIUIUIUIUIUSQ????∑NKKNKQQQQQQ12116THETOTALACTIVEPOWERPRESPECTIVELYTHEREACTIVEPOWER–QCONSUMEDBYARANDOMRECEIVERWITHNPHASESANDALIMENTEDTHROUGHALINEOFNCONDUCTORS,ISEQUALTOTHESUMOFNACTIVESINGLEPHASEPOWERSORREACTIVESINGLEPHASEPOWERSWHICHAREGIVENBYTHEIKLINECURRENTS,WITHTHEUKNVOLTAGESBETWEENTHENCONDUCTORSANDTHENPOINTTHEALTERNATIVETHREEPHASECIRCUITSHAVETHEFOLLOWINGVOLTAGESYSTEM32SIN232SIN2SIN2321ΠΩΠΩΩ?TUUTUUTUU17IFTHEVOLTAGESYSTEMSUPPLIESATHREEPHASEBALANCEDRECEIVER,THECURRENTSYSTEMWILLBE32SIN232SIN2SIN2321ΦΠΩΦΠΩΦΩ????TIITIITII18IFTHEPHASEIMPEDANCESAREDIFFERENT,THERECEIVERISNOTBALANCEDANDTHEABSORBEDCURRENTSFROMTHESOURCECANBECALCULATEDWITHMETHODSTHATARERELATEDTOSTARCONNECTEDTHREEPHASEBALANCEDRECEIVERS,ITRESULTS0321IIII19REGARDINGTHEIMPEDANCEVALUEOFTHENEUTRALCONDUCTORZ0,THEVOLTAGEVALUEWILLBE000IZU?20THEBLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHEDATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMISPRESENTEDINFIG4THEMEASURINGMETHODSFORACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWERINTHREEPHASEACCIRCUITS,DEPENDONTHETYPEOFTHECONSUMERANDTHENUMBEROFCONDUCTORSINTHEELECTRICENERGYSUPPLYSYSTEMI1/I2/I3–LA55PIN–LA25NPU10/U20/U30–LV25PFIG4DATAACQUISITIONSYSTEM–BLOCKDIAGRAMFORTHREEPHASECIRCUITSWITHNEUTRALCONDUCTORN4,THEGENERALIZEDTHEOREMBECOMES{}PSUIKNKK???????????∑RERE1421PROCOFTHE8THWSEASINTCONFONMATHEMATICALMETHODSANDCOMPUTATIONALTECHNIQUESINELECTRICALENGINEERING,BUCHAREST,OCTOBER1617,2006199

簡(jiǎn)介：RESEARCHANDPRACTICEINHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENTCHANDA,A,BANSAL,TCHANDA,R2010STRATEGICINTEGRATIONOFRECRUITMENTPRACTICESANDITSIMPACTONPERFORMANCEININDIANENTERPRISES,RESEARCHANDPRACTICEINHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENT,181,115STRATEGICINTEGRATIONOFRECRUITMENTPRACTICESANDITSIMPACTONPERFORMANCEININDIANENTERPRISESABSTRACTRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONISAFOUNDATIONOFHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENTHRMPRACTICESANDITSINTEGRATIONTOBUSINESSISCRITICALTOACHIEVEORGANISATIONALSTRATEGICGOALSHOWEVER,LITTLERESEARCHHASTODATEEXAMINEDSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONINTHISSPECIFICHUMANRESOURCEHRPRACTICE,AND,THEREFORE,LITTLEISKNOWNABOUTTHELEVELANDAPPLICATIONOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONASITUATIONTHATWARRANTSGREATERINVESTMENTDUETOTHEECONOMICGROWTHININDIAINACORRESPONDINGEXPANSIONOFINDIANENTERPRISESCONSEQUENTLY,THISSTUDYINVESTIGATESTHELEVELATWHICHRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPRACTICESINTEGRATEWITHBUSINESSSTRATEGIESANDTHERELATIVEEFFECTSOFDIFFERENTLEVELSOFSUCHSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONONORGANISATIONALPERFORMANCEIN259INDIANENTERPRISESTHERESULTSSHOWTHEMAJORITYOFINDIANENTERPRISESHADAHIGHLEVELOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONINBUSINESSSTRATEGYFORMULATIONANDIMPLEMENTATIONMOREOVER,THELEVELOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONWASPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOGROWTHINMARKETSHARE,PROFITSANDSALES,EMPLOYEES’SATISFACTION,EMPLOYEES’PRODUCTIVITY,ANDNEGATIVELYRELATEDTOEMPLOYEES’TURNOVERTHEIMPLICATIONSFORHRMPRACTITIONERSANDFURTHERRESEARCHAREDISCUSSEDINTRODUCTIONRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONISTHEPROCESSOFATTRACTINGINDIVIDUALSONATIMELYBASIS,INSUFFICIENTNUMBERSANDWITHAPPROPRIATEQUALIFICATIONSFOLLOWINGTHEINITIALSELECTIONOFINCUMBENTSTHEYARELIKELYTOAGAINBECHOSENTODEVELOPTHEIRFURTHERINTERESTINTHEORGANISATIONANDLATERTOENCOURAGETHEMTOAPPLYFOROTHERJOBSUSINGAPPROPRIATETECHNIQUESTHESUITABLECANDIDATESARETHUS,ABLETOBERECRUITEDANDSELECTEDDURINGTHEIRCAREERDEVELOPMENTCRAWFORD2004ITHASBEENARGUEDTHATINORDERFORTHEFIRMTOBUILDANDSUSTAINTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGE,PROPERSTAFFINGISCRITICALWRIGHTSNELL1991,BOXALL1996RECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONISAMAJORHRMFUNCTIONASITENCOMPASSESALLORGANISATIONALPRACTICESANDDECISIONSRECENTTECHNOLOGICALADVANCES,GLOBALISATION,SOCIALTRENDSANDCHANGESWITHINORGANISATIONSHAVEBROUGHTNEWCHALLENGESFORRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONROWLEYBENSON2002TOEFFECTIVELYFACETHENEWCHALLENGESRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONNEEDSTOBEINTEGRATEDWITHBUSINESSSTRATEGIESLAMWHITE1998RECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGIESFLOWULTIMATELYFROMTHEORGANISATION’SMISSIONANDSTRATEGICOBJECTIVESIE,THESTRATEGIESANDPROCESSESOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONMUSTBECOMPATIBLEWITHBUSINESSSTRATEGIESNANKERVIS,COMPTONBAIRD2002SOCIALSCIENTISTSARGUETHATTHROUGHTHEINTEGRATIONWITHBUSINESSSTRATEGIES,RECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONHELPACHIEVESTRATEGICGOALSANDENHANCEORGANISATIONALPERFORMANCEBECKERGERHART1996,YOUNDT,ETAL1996,LEWIS2003OVERTHELASTTHIRTYYEARSORSO,THEAMOUNTOFRESEARCHONRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONHASINCREASEDDRAMATICALLYDESPITEOFTHISINCREASE,RECENTREVIEWSRODWELLTEO2004,WRIGHT,ETAL2005OFTHELITERATUREHAVEREVEALEDTHATPASTSTUDIESMAINLYFOCUSEDONTHEEXPLORATIONOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPRACTICESADOPTEDBYTHEENTERPRISEANDNOTONITSRELATIONSHIPTOBUSINESSSTRATEGYANDPERFORMANCETHISRESEARCHANALYSESRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONASONEOFTHEHRPRACTICESFROMTHEGAMUTOFENTIREHRMPROCESSESANDEVALUATESTHEFLAWSTHATEXISTINITSEFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTATIONINORGANISATIONALSETUPALTHOUGHTHEREISWIDERECOGNITIONOFTHESIGNIFICANCEOFTHEINTEGRATIONOFHRMWITHBUSINESSSTRATEGIES,LITTLERESEARCHHASBEENDEVOTEDONHOWRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONHAPPENSANDWHATMIGHTBEITSEFFECTSONORGANISATIONALPERFORMANCEBUDHWAR2000,SHEN2004THEINTEGRATIONOFHRMANDBUSINESSSTRATEGYISPOSSIBLEBYTHE‘FIT’OFHUMANRESOURCESTHROUGHAVARIETYOFHRMPRACTICESINCLUDINGRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONINACCORDANCEWITHTHEBUSINESSNEEDSLEGGE1995,BUDHWAR2000THEREFORE,THEREISASETPRIORITYFORORGANISATIONSTOHAVERECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICALLYINTEGRATEDWITHTHEPRESENCEOFTHEHRHEADISAFORMALMECHANISMOFCONSULTATION,WHICHENSURESHR’SSTRATEGICINPUTINTOBUSINESSATTHEHIGHESTLEVELBREWSTERLARSEN1992,SHEN2005RECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONRELATEDINFORMATION,SUCHASTHEHRAVAILABILITYANDITSCOST,CANBECRUCIALFORBUSINESSSTRATEGYFORMULATIONSHEN2005ARGUESTHATLABOURMARKETRELATEDISSUESOFTENAFFECTMULTINATIONALS’DECISIONSONOVERSEASDIRECTINVESTMENTKHATRYANDBUDHWAR2002POINTOUTTHATTHEEXISTENCEOFTHEWRITTENHRSTRATEGYHELPSINTERPRETBUSINESSSTRATEGIESINTOHRMPOLICIESANDPRACTICESHRSTRATEGYPROVIDESGUIDANCEFORTHEFORMULATIONANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPOLICIESANDPRACTICESACOMMONPROBLEMINRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONISPOORHRPLANNINGRIGOROUSHRPLANNINGTRANSLATESBUSINESSSTRATEGIESINTOSPECIFICHRMPOLICIESANDPRACTICESTHISISPARTICULARLYSOWITHRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPOLICIESANDPRACTICESTHEKEYGOALOFHRPLANNINGISTOGETTHERIGHTNUMBEROFPEOPLEWITHTHERIGHTSKILLS,EXPERIENCEANDCOMPETENCIESINTHERIGHTJOBSATTHERIGHTTIMEATTHERIGHTCOSTHUSSEY1999,BREAUGHSTARKE2000,ANDERSON,ETAL2004DETAILEDANDROBUSTRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPOLICIES,SUCHASRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPROCEDURES,ASSESSINGCRITERIA,TALENTSAUDITINGANDPROCESSINGTHEINFORMATIONABOUTTHELABOURMARKETAREIMPORTANTINRECRUITINGANDDEPLOYINGAPPROPRIATEEMPLOYEESATTHERIGHTTIMEBREAUGHSTARKE2000PASTRESEARCHSHOWSTHATTHECOMPETENCYLEVELOFHRMANAGERSHASAMAJORINFLUENCEONRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONGOLDENRAMANUJAM1985,BULLER1988,TRUSSGRATTAN1994ANDEXPERIENCEDHREXPERTSWITHINTHEHRDEPARTMENTWILLNOTONLYSHORTENVACANCYDURATION,BUTALSOIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFTHEAPPLICANTSMOREOVER,EFFECTIVERECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONISPOSSIBLEONLYIFTHEREISADEDICATEDANDCOMPETENTHRTEAMSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONINSTRATEGYIMPLEMENTATIONINTHESTRATEGYIMPLEMENTATIONPHASE,THEEXTENTOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONCANBEGAUGEDTHROUGHFOURDISTINCTIVEINDICATORSTHESEINDICATORSARETHETIMELYSUPPLYOFANADEQUATELYQUALIFIEDWORKFORCE,EFFECTIVEJOBANALYSISANDDESCRIPTIONS,EFFECTIVESELECTION,ANDTHEINVOLVEMENTOFLINEMANAGERSINTHERECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPRACTICESAKEYSOURCEOFUNCERTAINTYINTHEBUSINESSSTRATEGYIMPLEMENTATIONISWHETHERTHEREISATIMELYSUPPLYOFADEQUATEQUALIFIEDPEOPLEWRIGHTSNELL1991,ANDTOAGREATEXTENTTHISUNCERTAINTYINVOLVESTHEQUALITYOFEMPLOYEESFORINSTANCE,AFIRMMIGHTDECIDETOLEVERAGEADIFFERENTHUMANCAPITALPOOLINTERMSOFSKILLSANDEDUCATIONLEVELTHANITSRIVALFIRMSASACOMPETITIVESTRATEGYEVENWITHINTHESAMEINDUSTRYTODEVELOPSPECIFICCAPABILITIESORTODEVELOPAHRPROCESSADVANTAGEWRIGHT,DUNFORDSNELL2001,BOXALLPURCELL2003ANORGANISATIONCANSUCCESSFULLYELIMINATETHISUNCERTAINTYIFITSRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPOLICIESANDPRACTICESARESTRATEGICALLYINTEGRATEDWITHBUSINESSEFFECTIVELYCONDUCTINGJOBANALYSISANDTARGETINGRIGHTPOTENTIALCANDIDATESENSURESAGOODMATCHBETWEENAPPLICANTSANDTHEJOBSDELANEYHUSELID1996ARGUMENTHASBEENGIVENTHATUNDERQUALIFIEDEMPLOYEESMAYNOTABLETOEFFECTIVELYPERFORMTHEIRJOBPOSITIONSDUETOLACKOFKNOWLEDGEANDCOMPETENCIES,WHILEONTHEOTHERHANDOVERQUALIFIEDEMPLOYEESTENDTOEXPERIENCELESSJOBSATISFACTIONDUETOTHEIRHIGHERQUALIFICATIONTHANADESIREDLEVELFORAGIVENJOBJOHNSON,MORROWJOHNSON2002FOREVERYJOBINTHEORGANISATION,ATHOROUGHJOBANALYSIS,WHICHINCLUDESJOBDESCRIPTIONANDJOBSPECIFICATIONS,ISNECESSARYANDBASEDONTHIS,ANAPPROPRIATESELECTIONCRITERIAISVITALPLUMBLEY1991THEJOBDESCRIPTIONPROVIDESINDICATIONSOFTHEDUTIESTOBEUNDERTAKEN,ANDTHEJOBSPECIFICATIONUSUALLYPRESCRIBESRELEVANTPERSONALQUALITIESANDATTITUDESASWELLASSKILLSANDKNOWLEDGEREQUIREDFORTHEJOBPLUMBLEY1991ARANGEOFMETHODS,SUCHASAPPLICATIONFORMS,INTERVIEWS,FORMALTESTS,REFERENCES,ASSESSMENTCENTRESANDOFFICIALTRANSCRIPTSAREUSEDBYFIRMSINTHESELECTIONPROCESSANDERSONWITVLIET2008AFIRMNEEDSTOCHOOSEAMETHODTHATISMOSTAPPROPRIATETOTHEJOBPOSITIONSHREXPERTSGENERALLYDRIVETHESTAFFINGPROCESSANDTHEPURPOSEOFTHESTAFFINGISTOFULFILTHEREQUIREMENTSOFBUSINESS,ANDTHESKILLLEVELSPRESENTEDBYEACHNEWRECRUITISLIKELYTOBEJUDGEDBETTERIFTHELINEMANAGERSAREINVOLVEDINTHERECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPROCESSBUDHWARANDSPARROW1997SUGGESTTHATINBUSINESSSTRATEGYIMPLEMENTATIONTHEINVOLVEMENTOFLINEMANAGERSINTHEENTIRESTAFFINGPROCESSIE,DRAFTINGOFJOBDESCRIPTIONS,SETTINGSELECTIONCRITERIAANDBEINGONTHEPANELOFRECRUITMENTISVITALFORENSURINGRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONTOMEETBUSINESSNEEDSINOTHERWORDS,THELINEMANAGERSARETHEOWNEROFTHERECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONPROCESSALONGWITHHRPLAYINGAFACILITATORROLEFIGURE1DEPICTSTHEFRAMEWORK,WHICHSUMMARISESTHEINDICATORSOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONFIGURE1AFRAMEWORKOFRECRUITMENTANDSELECTIONSTRATEGICINTEGRATION

簡(jiǎn)介：2010INTERNATIONALSUMMERCONFERENCEONASIAPACIFICBUSINESSINNOVATIONSERVICEQUALITYISPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOBEHAVIORALINTENTIONS,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONISPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOBEHAVIORINTENTIONSSIMILARLY,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONWORKSASMEDIATORBETWEENSERVICEQUALITYANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERSTHEMODELISTESTEDINANEMPIRICALSTUDYWITHDATAFROMASURVEY243ASIAN,EUROPEANANDAMERICANCUSTOMERSWHOWERESTAYINGATLUXURYANDMEDIUMSIZEHOTELINNEPALREGARDINGWITHQUALITYMANAGEMENT,120EMPLOYEESWERETAKENASSAMPLEUNDERLUXURYANDMEDIUMSIZEHOTELSINNEPALCONSIDERINGDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTFINDINGSAMONGFOURHYPOTHESES,SERVICEQUALITYHASPOSITIVELYASSOCIATEDWITHBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERINTHEHOTELSERVICEQUALITYHASNOTRELATIONSHIPWITHCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONHASNOTDIRECTRELATIONSHIPWITHBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERBUTCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONHASWORKEDASMEDIATORBETWEENCUSTOMERSERVICEQUALITYANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERINTHEHOTELINDUSTRYRESEARCHLIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONSFUTURERESEARCHSHOULDCONSIDERONAGE,GENDER,ANDNATIONALITYAFFECTTHESERVICEQUALITYANDSATISFACTIONANDBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERINTHEHOTELINDUSTRYORIGINALITY/VALUETHERESEARCHPROVIDESVALUABLEINSIGHTSINTOQUALITYMANAGEMENTDIMENSION,SERVICEQUALITYDIMENSION,CUSTOMERSATISFACTIONANDTHEIRBEHAVIORINTENTIONSKEYWORDSQUALITYMANAGEMENT,SERVICESQUALITY,CUSTOMERSATISFACTION,LADHARI,2009THEREISSTRONGEVIDENCEINACADEMICRESEARCHTHATSUPPORTSSERVICE2010INTERNATIONALSUMMERCONFERENCEONASIAPACIFICBUSINESSINNOVATIONP98TERZIVOSKI2007DESCRIBESTOTALQUALITYMANAGEMENTTQMISANEWWAYOFTHINKINGABOUTTHEMANAGEMENTOFTHEORGANIZATIONSANDCOMPREHENSIVEWAYTOIMPROVETOTALORGANIZATIONPERFORMANCEANDQUALITYP415QUALITYMANAGEMENTINCLUDESLEADERSHIP,PEOPLEMANAGEMENT,CUSTOMERFOCUS,STRATEGICPLANNING,INFORMATIONANALYSIS,PROCESSMANAGEMENTTERZIVOSKI,2007ANDEMPOWERMENTERSTAD,1997MEHRAETAL2001IDENTIFIEDFIVEELEMENTOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTWHICHINCLUDESHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENT,MANAGEMENTSTRUCTURE,QUALITYTOOLS,SUPPLIERSUPPORT,ANDCUSTOMERORIENTATIONREGARDINGWITHQUALITYIMPROVEMENT,MEHRAETAL2001SHOWFOURAREASOFQUALITYIMPROVEMENTWHICHARECUSTOMERFOCUS,PROCESSFOCUS,INNOVATIONFOCUSANDENVIRONMENTTHEENDAIMOFAPPLICATIONOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTINTHEORGANIZATIONISTOSUCCESSFULLYPROVIDESERVICEQUALITYTOTHETARGETCUSTOMERTOBUILDPOSITIVEBEHAVIORINTENTIONSLAHARI,2009SERVICEQUALITYINCREASESCUSTOMERSATISFACTION,IMPROVECUSTOMERRETENTION,INCREASEPOSITIVEWORDOFMOUTHANDINCREASEFINANCIALPERFORMANCERUST1993OLURUNNIWO,HSUHD2006SHOWTHATSERVICEQUALITYISTHESTRONGERDRIVEINCREASINGPOSITIVEBEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMER,SERVICESATISFACTIONHASANINDIRECTEFFECTSTOCUSTOMERBEHAVIORINTENTIONSCOMPARISONWITHTHEDIRECTEFFECTSOFSATISFACTIONP68MEHRARANGANATHAN2008SHOWSUCCESSFULLYADAPTATIONOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTHASPOSITIVELYIMPACTOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONFOCUSESONQUALITYMANAGEMENTINCREASEBUSINESSPERFORMANCEP923GUPTAETAL2005SHOWTHREEDIMENSIONOFQUALITYMANAGEMENTANDALSOSHOWQUALITYMANAGEMENTHASPOSITIVELYCORRELATEDWITHLEADERSHIPTEAM,ORGANIZATIONCULTUREANDEMPLOYEECOMMITMENTTHESETHREEQUALITYCONSTRUCTSHAVEPOSITIVELYLINKEDWITHIMPROVINGBUSINESSPROCESSANDIMPROVEQUALITYSERVICESP39822SERVICEQUALITYANDCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONSERVICEQUALITYISTHEGAPBETWEENEXPECTATIONANDPERCEPTIONINQUALITYSERVICERECEIVEDBYCUSTOMERPARASURAMANETAL1988PERCEIVEDSERVICEQUALITYISMEASUREDINTHEACTUALPERFORMANCEOFQUALITYRECEIVEDBYTHECUSTOMERSPARASURAMANETAL1988SHOWTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSERVICEQUALITYANDCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONBYUSINGFIVEDIMENSIONSOFQUALITYSAHA2009SHOWSSERVICEQUALITYISTHESIGNIFICANTDETERMINANTOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONANDQUALITYOFSERVICESATISFACTIONAFFECTSSUCHABEHAVIORINTENTIONSOFTHECUSTOMERP367SERVICEQUALITYISTHECOGNITIVEASSESSMENTINEACHSERVICEPERFORMANCEHOWEVER,SATISFACTIONISTHESUMTOTALCUSTOMEREVALUATIONOFTHESERVICESINCONSISTENTISINTHEDEFINITIONINTHESERVICEQUALITYGRONROS1984SERVICEQUALITYISDIVIDEDUNDERTWODIMENSIONSTHEFIRSTONEISFUNCTIONALQUALITYWHICHEXPLAINSTHEPROCESSOFSERVICEDELIVERYTHESECONDISTECHNICALQUALITYWHICHWHATCUSTOMERSRECEIVEFROMACTUALSERVICEPERFORMANCEPARSURAMANETAL1988INTRODUCEDFIVEDIMENSIONSOFSERVICEQUALITYWHICHISKNOWNASSERVQUALMODELITINCLUDESTANGIBILITY,RELIABILITY,RESPONSIVENESS,ASSURANCEANDEMPATHYAKIN1995IDENTIFIEDSEVENDIMENSIONSOFSERVICEQUALITYWHICHINCLUDECOURTESYANDCOMPETENCE,COMMUNICATIONANDTRANSACTIONS,TANGIBLES,KNOWINGANDUNDERSTANDINGTHECUSTOMER,ACCURACYANDSPEEDOFSERVER,SOLUTIONTOTHEPROBLEMS,ANDACCURACYOFHOTELRESERVATIONS

簡(jiǎn)介：3200英文單詞，英文單詞，17萬(wàn)英文字符萬(wàn)英文字符,中文中文4900字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處MELOVI?B,MITROVI?BS,DJOKAJAA,ETALLOGISTICSINTHEFUNCTIONOFCUSTOMERSERVICE–RELEVANCEFORTHEENGINEERINGMANAGEMENTJPROCEDIAENGINEERING,2015,117802807LOGISTICSINTHEFUNCTIONOFCUSTOMERSERVICE–RELEVANCEFORTHEENGINEERINGMANAGEMENTBOBANMELOVIC,SLAVICAMITROVIC,ARTONDJOKAJ,NIKOLAIVATINABSTRACTINTHEMODERNBUSINESSENVIRONMENT,WHICHISCHARACTERIZEDBYTHEMARKETGLOBALIZATION,RAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDUSAGEOFNEWTECHNOLOGIES,LOGISTICSACTIVITIESHAVESPECIFICIMPLICATIONSONBUSINESSPROCESSESAUTHORSSTARTFROMTHEHYPOTHESISTHATTHELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTANDCUSTOMERSERVICEMANAGEMENTCANCREATEABASISFORCONTINUOUSSUSTAINEDGROWTHOFOPERATINGINCOMES,ANDATTHESAMETIMEITPROVIDESTHEIROWNPOSITIVECORPORATEIMAGEINTHEMARKETTHEMANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICSACTIVITIESINTHEFUNCTIONOFSATISFYINGTHECONSUMERHASBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTATTRACTIVEAREASOFTHESTRATEGICMANAGEMENTINTHELASTTENYEARS,THEREFORE,MANAGERSSEEKFORSTRONGCOMPETITIVEWEAPONINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFOWNLOGISTICSYSTEMINORDERTODIFFERENTIATETHEIROFFERSINCOMPARISONTOOTHERSKEYWORDSLOGISTICS,MANAGEMENT,CUSTOMER,CUSTOMERSERVICE,ENGINEERING1INTRODUCTIONINMODERNBUSINESSCONDITIONS,MANAGERSMUSTPAYGREATATTENTIONTOLOGISTICSACTIVITIESTHATAREBESTMANIFESTEDTHROUGHADEQUATECUSTOMERSERVICE,WHICHATTRACTSNEWCUSTOMERSANDRETAINSOLDONES,THEREFORE,ITDIRECTLYAFFECTSTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEOFTHECOMPANYINTHEMARKETCUSTOMERSERVICEISONEOFTHEKEYASPECTSOFTHEOFFERTOTHECUSTOMEROFSERVICES,WHICHESSENTIALLYENABLESTHECOMPANYTODIFFERENTIATEITSOFFERSFROMCOMPETITIONTHEMAINOBJECTIVEOFTHELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTISTODELIVERTHERIGHTPRODUCTORSERVICEATTHERIGHTTIMEINTHERIGHTPLACEANDINTHEDESIREDAMOUNT,WHEREBYITMUSTALWAYSBETAKENINTOACCOUNTANDBECAREFULSOTHATTHECOSTSOFORGANIZINGANDCONDUCTINGAHIGHQUALITYCUSTOMERSERVICEDONOTTHREATTHEPROFITABILITYOFTHEBUSINESSONTHEOTHERHAND,THEMAINTASKOFTHELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTISTOFULFILTHEFUNCTIONOFANADEQUATECUSTOMERSERVICE,PRIMARILYBYDEFININGGOALSANDPOLICIESOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEANDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHESELECTEDSTRATEGYINTHELASTDECADEOFTHELASTCENTURY,LOGISTICSMANAGEMENTHASBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTATTRACTIVEAREASOFSTRATEGICMANAGEMENTTHEWORLDTOPMANAGERSOFLARGEANDMEDIUMSIZEDCOMPANIESSEEKFORANEWANDAVERYCOMPETITIVETOOLINTHELOGISTICSDOMAINFORDIFFERENTIATINGTHEIROFFERSFROMOTHERMAJORCOMPETITORSINTHEMARKET1THEREISNOSUBSTANTIALDIFFERENCESINTHEDECISIVENESSOFTOPMANAGERSOFCOMPANIESTHATTHECUSTOMERSERVICEISTHE“GOLDENWIRE“THATREPRESENTSTHECONNECTINGLINKBETWEENMARKETINGANDLOGISTICS,BOTHONDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALMARKETINTHELITERATURE,THEREAREOPINIONSACCORDINGTOWHICHITISDIFFICULTTODETERMINEPRECISELYWHICHACTIVITIESBELONGTOTHECUSTOMERSERVICE2INTHATCONNECTIONFAWCETT,MCLEISHANDOGDENPRESENTTHECUSTOMERSERVICETHROUGHSEVERALDEFINITIONSTHATILLUSTRATEVERYWELLTHEBREADTHOFTHEEXTENTOFTHISTERM,WITHOUTOPTINGFORANYOFTHESEPARTICULARVISIONS3CUSTOMERSERVICEISTHEQUALITYOFPERFORMANCESOFTHEDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM,DELIVERYSERVICEREPRESENTSDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSOFTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPROCESSOFORDERINGALONGWITHTHESALESPROMOTION,LEVEL,THESEAUTHORSCATEGORIZEALLSEGMENTSOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEINFOURLARGEGROUPS8BASICASPECTSOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICETHESEARETHOSESERVICESTHATARENOWADAYSVERYCOMMON,SUCHASPARKINGFORCUSTOMERS,POSSIBILITYFORCUSTOMERSTOTAKETHEIRBASKETFROMTHESTORETOTHECAR,TOILET,RESTAURANTETCTHESEARESERVICESTHATDONOTINDICATEANYADDITIONALVALUETOTHECUSTOMER,BUTALSOCOSTSTHATARERELATEDTOTHEIRPRODUCTIONARENOTBIGANDARECALCULATEDINADVANCEINTHECONSTRUCTIONANDEQUIPPINGOFCOMMERCIALSHOPPINGCENTERSINEVITABLECUSTOMERSERVICEACTIVITIESREPRESENTTASKSOFRECEIVING,SORTINGANDHANDLINGGOODSINTHESTORETHESETASKSREQUIREALOTOFWORK,ANDATTHESAMETIMETHEYCAUSEADDITIONALCOSTSFORTHECOMPANY,WHILETHEVALUEOFTHESEACTIVITIESINTHEEYESOFCONSUMERSMINIMIZESTHISMEANSTHATCOMPANYCANNOTAVOIDTHESEGROUPOFWORKINGACTIVITIES,BUTITCANMODERNIZETHEMEGHIGHBAYWAREHOUSE,WHICHWILLREDUCETHECOSTSOFSERVICINGCUSTOMERSCUSTOMERSPAYTHESESERVICECOSTSTHROUGHTHEPURCHASINGPRICEOFGOODSTHESUPPORTINGCUSTOMERSERVICEREPRESENTSWORKSANDACTIVITIESINIMPLEMENTINGSERVICESTHATREQUIREHIGHCOSTS,BUTINTHEEYESOFCUSTOMERSTHEVALUEOFTHESEWORKSISHIGHLYRANKEDTHISAPPLIESTOTHEACTIVITIESOFSORTINGORDERS,FREEHOMEDELIVERY,STORAGEOFPRODUCTSINSPECIALBOXESUNTILTHECUSTOMERRETURNS,CAREFORCHILDRENWHILEPARENTSAREBUYING,SENDINGWEDDINGANDBIRTHDAYCARDSTOTHEIRCUSTOMERS,ETCPRACTICALLY,THESEASPECTSOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEHAVEADIRECTIMPACTONSALESADDITIONALSERVICEFORCUSTOMERSPRIMARILY,ITMEANSTHECOMPUTERIZATIONOFSYSTEMSINSTORES,WHICH,NOWADAYSISNOTABIGEXPENSE,BUTITREPRESENTSASIGNIFICANTVALUEFORCUSTOMERSTHISENABLES,FOREXAMPLE,PHONEANDCOMPUTERORDERS,ELECTRONICPAYMENTSANDKEEPINGVARIOUSRECORDSTHATAREINTHEDOMAINOFLOGISTICSOROTHERINFORMATIONSYSTEMSINTHEENTERPRISEALLTHEORISTSOFTHETRADEMARKETINGORIENTATIONAGREETHATTHECUSTOMERSERVICEISONEOFTHEMOSTCRITICALFACTORSINATTRACTINGNEWANDRETAININGOLDCUSTOMERS,ANDIMPROVINGTHECOMPETITIVEPOSITIONOFTHECOMPANYONTHEMARKETASWELL9HOWEVER,THEYDONOTAGREETHATTHEMAINFIELDOFACTIVITYOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEISINCHARGEOFTHELOGISTICSACTIVITIESOFTHECOMPANYTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINFLUENCEONTHEPOLICYOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEHAVEMAJORLOGISTICSFUNCTIONSTRANSPORT,INVENTORYKEEPING,WAREHOUSINGANDTHELOGISTICSINFORMATIONSYSTEM3LOGISTICSTHROUGHTHEPRISMOFMARKETINGCONCEPTIONOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEDIFFERENTVIEWSONTHEFORMALANDESSENTIALASPECTOFANALYSINGONEANDTHESAMETERMREQUIRESASYSTEMATICPRESENTATIONOFRELEVANTSCIENTIFICSTANDPOINTSMARKETINGTHEORISTSCONSIDERTHECUSTOMERSERVICEASONEOFTHEKEYASPECTSOFCOMPANYSOFFERFOREXAMPLE,RBROOKESTALKSABOUTTHEFIFTH“P“INTHEMARKETINGMIXOFTHECOMPANYREFERRINGTOTHECUSTOMERSERVICE10PRECISELY,THISMARKETINGANALYSTMAKESATERMINOLOGICALDIFFERENCEANDPOINTSOUTTHATTHISSTRONGMARKETINGWEAPONREFERSTOTHEFIELDOFCOSTUMER/CONSUMERSERVICING,WHICHMEANSTHEPROVISIONOFADDITIONALSERVICESTOCONSUMERSINTHEPRODUCTIONORINTHECLASSICALUTILITYFORMBASEDONWHATISSTATED,WECANCONCLUDETHATEFFECTIVESERVICINGOFCUSTOMERSISCHARACTERISTICFORTHOSECOMPANIESTHAT,ONONEHAND,USEVARIOUSASPECTSOFPRICINGSTRATEGYINORDERTOATTRACTCUSTOMERS,AND,ONTHEOTHERHAND,THEYDIFFERENTIATETHEIROFFERSTHROUGHTHEPROVISIONOFSERVICESTHATBRINGADDEDVALUETOTHEIRCUSTOMERSINTHEPURCHASEONEOFTHELEADINGTHEORISTSOFTHEMODERNTIME,PHILIPKOTLER,PUTSCUSTOMERSERVICEACTIVITIESINTHEVALUECHAINCONCEPTANDCITESMICHAELPORTERWHOIDENTIFIESTHEVALUECHAINASANEFFECTIVETOOLFORCREATINGANDIMPROVINGTHECUSTOMERVALUE12EACHCOMPANYMUSTBEABLETO

簡(jiǎn)介：PROCEDIAENGINEERING1172015802–80718777058?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOFSPBUCEMF2015DOI101016/JPROENG201508255SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCEURBANCIVILENGINEERINGANDMUNICIPALFACILITIES,SPBUCEMF2015LOGISTICSINTHEFUNCTIONOFCUSTOMERSERVICE–RELEVANCEFORTHEENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT?????????????A,,????????????????B,ARTONDJOKAJA,NIKOLAIVATINC,A????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????B??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????CSTPETERSBURGSTATEPOLYTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,POLITEKHNICHESKAYA,29,SAINTPETERSBURG,195251,RUSSIAABSTRACTINTHEMODERNBUSINESSENVIRONMENT,WHICHISCHARACTERIZEDBYTHEMARKETGLOBALIZATION,RAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDUSAGEOFNEWTECHNOLOGIES,LOGISTICSACTIVITIESHAVESPECIFICIMPLICATIONSONBUSINESSPROCESSESAUTHORSSTARTFROMTHEHYPOTHESISTHATTHELOGISTICSMANAGEMENTANDCUSTOMERSERVICEMANAGEMENTCANCREATEABASISFORCONTINUOUSSUSTAINEDGROWTHOFOPERATINGINCOMES,ANDATTHESAMETIMEITPROVIDESTHEIROWNPOSITIVECORPORATEIMAGEINTHEMARKETTHEMANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICSACTIVITIESINTHEFUNCTIONOFSATISFYINGTHECONSUMERHASBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTATTRACTIVEAREASOFTHESTRATEGICMANAGEMENTINTHELASTTENYEARS,THEREFORE,MANAGERSSEEKFORSTRONGCOMPETITIVEWEAPONINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFOWNLOGISTICSYSTEMINORDERTODIFFERENTIATETHEIROFFERSINCOMPARISONTOOTHERS?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOFSPBUCEMF2015KEYWORDSLOGISTICS,MANAGEMENT,CUSTOMER,CUSTOMERSERVICE,ENGINEERING1INTRODUCTIONINMODERNBUSINESSCONDITIONS,MANAGERSMUSTPAYGREATATTENTIONTOLOGISTICSACTIVITIESTHATAREBESTMANIFESTEDTHROUGHADEQUATECUSTOMERSERVICE,WHICHATTRACTSNEWCUSTOMERSANDRETAINSOLDONES,THEREFORE,ITDIRECTLYAFFECTSTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEOFTHECOMPANYINTHEMARKETCUSTOMERSERVICEISONEOFTHEKEYASPECTSOFTHEOFFERTOCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL79219643762FAX7812535799EMAILADDRESSVATINMAILRU?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOFSPBUCEMF2015804BOBANMELOVI?ETAL/PROCEDIAENGINEERING1172015802–807COMPETITIVEMARKETOFFINALPRODUCTS,THELEVELOFCUSTOMERSERVICECANHELPFIRMSGETNEWAND/ORRETAINOLDCUSTOMERSCUSTOMERSREQUIRETHEMEETINGOFTHEIRNEEDSINTWOLEVELS7?SATISFACTIONWITHTHEPRODUCTEG,PURCHASEDCARORSERVICEEG,RENTACAR,BASEDWHICHDEPENDSONWHATREPRESENTSABASICACTIVITYOFTHECOMPANY,AND?SATISFACTIONWITHTHEQUALITYOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEFOREXAMPLE,SELLERSKINDNESS,KNOWLEDGEOFSALES,DELIVERYCOMPETENCY,WORKINGTIME,ETCTHEREFORE,THESEAUTHORSCONCLUDETHATEACHBUSINESSMUSTCONTINUOUSLYMAKESOMEKINDOFTRADEOFFANALYSISOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICE,ASTHESECONDMOSTIMPORTANTPRODUCTSEGMENTMASON,EZELLANDMAYERINTHEIRBOOKINDICATETHATTHETERMCUSTOMERSERVICEUSUALLYMEANSAPAYMENTMETHOD,BILLINGANDCHECKINGTHECREDITWORTHINESSOFCUSTOMERSANDMANAGECUSTOMERS’COMPLAINTS8PUTTINGALLTYPESOFSERVICESTHATAREOFFEREDTOCUSTOMERSINSTRATEGICDIMENSIONALLEVEL,THESEAUTHORSCATEGORIZEALLSEGMENTSOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEINFOURLARGEGROUPS8?BASICASPECTSOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICETHESEARETHOSESERVICESTHATARENOWADAYSVERYCOMMON,SUCHASPARKINGFORCUSTOMERS,POSSIBILITYFORCUSTOMERSTOTAKETHEIRBASKETFROMTHESTORETOTHECAR,TOILET,RESTAURANTETCTHESEARESERVICESTHATDONOTINDICATEANYADDITIONALVALUETOTHECUSTOMER,BUTALSOCOSTSTHATARERELATEDTOTHEIRPRODUCTIONARENOTBIGANDARECALCULATEDINADVANCEINTHECONSTRUCTIONANDEQUIPPINGOFCOMMERCIALSHOPPINGCENTERS?INEVITABLECUSTOMERSERVICEACTIVITIESREPRESENTTASKSOFRECEIVING,SORTINGANDHANDLINGGOODSINTHESTORETHESETASKSREQUIREALOTOFWORK,ANDATTHESAMETIMETHEYCAUSEADDITIONALCOSTSFORTHECOMPANY,WHILETHEVALUEOFTHESEACTIVITIESINTHEEYESOFCONSUMERSMINIMIZESTHISMEANSTHATCOMPANYCANNOTAVOIDTHESEGROUPOFWORKINGACTIVITIES,BUTITCANMODERNIZETHEMEGHIGHBAYWAREHOUSE,WHICHWILLREDUCETHECOSTSOFSERVICINGCUSTOMERSCUSTOMERSPAYTHESESERVICECOSTSTHROUGHTHEPURCHASINGPRICEOFGOODS?THESUPPORTINGCUSTOMERSERVICEREPRESENTSWORKSANDACTIVITIESINIMPLEMENTINGSERVICESTHATREQUIREHIGHCOSTS,BUTINTHEEYESOFCUSTOMERSTHEVALUEOFTHESEWORKSISHIGHLYRANKEDTHISAPPLIESTOTHEACTIVITIESOFSORTINGORDERS,FREEHOMEDELIVERY,STORAGEOFPRODUCTSINSPECIALBOXESUNTILTHECUSTOMERRETURNS,CAREFORCHILDRENWHILEPARENTSAREBUYING,SENDINGWEDDINGANDBIRTHDAYCARDSTOTHEIRCUSTOMERS,ETCPRACTICALLY,THESEASPECTSOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEHAVEADIRECTIMPACTONSALES?ADDITIONALSERVICEFORCUSTOMERSPRIMARILY,ITMEANSTHECOMPUTERIZATIONOFSYSTEMSINSTORES,WHICH,NOWADAYSISNOTABIGEXPENSE,BUTITREPRESENTSASIGNIFICANTVALUEFORCUSTOMERSTHISENABLES,FOREXAMPLE,PHONEANDCOMPUTERORDERS,ELECTRONICPAYMENTSANDKEEPINGVARIOUSRECORDSTHATAREINTHEDOMAINOFLOGISTICSOROTHERINFORMATIONSYSTEMSINTHEENTERPRISEALLTHEORISTSOFTHETRADEMARKETINGORIENTATIONAGREETHATTHECUSTOMERSERVICEISONEOFTHEMOSTCRITICALFACTORSINATTRACTINGNEWANDRETAININGOLDCUSTOMERS,ANDIMPROVINGTHECOMPETITIVEPOSITIONOFTHECOMPANYONTHEMARKETASWELL9HOWEVER,THEYDONOTAGREETHATTHEMAINFIELDOFACTIVITYOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEISINCHARGEOFTHELOGISTICSACTIVITIESOFTHECOMPANYTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINFLUENCEONTHEPOLICYOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEHAVEMAJORLOGISTICSFUNCTIONSTRANSPORT,INVENTORYKEEPING,WAREHOUSINGANDTHELOGISTICSINFORMATIONSYSTEM3LOGISTICSTHROUGHTHEPRISMOFMARKETINGCONCEPTIONOFTHECUSTOMERSERVICEDIFFERENTVIEWSONTHEFORMALANDESSENTIALASPECTOFANALYSINGONEANDTHESAMETERMREQUIRESASYSTEMATICPRESENTATIONOFRELEVANTSCIENTIFICSTANDPOINTSMARKETINGTHEORISTSCONSIDERTHECUSTOMERSERVICEASONEOFTHEKEYASPECTSOFCOMPANYSOFFERFOREXAMPLE,RBROOKESTALKSABOUTTHEFIFTH“P“INTHEMARKETINGMIXOFTHECOMPANYREFERRINGTOTHECUSTOMERSERVICE10PRECISELY,THISMARKETINGANALYSTMAKESATERMINOLOGICALDIFFERENCEANDPOINTSOUTTHATTHISSTRONGMARKETINGWEAPONREFERSTOTHEFIELDOFCOSTUMER/CONSUMERSERVICING,WHICHMEANSTHEPROVISIONOFADDITIONALSERVICESTOCONSUMERSINTHEPRODUCTIONORINTHECLASSICALUTILITYFORMBASEDONWHATISSTATED,WECANCONCLUDETHATEFFECTIVESERVICINGOFCUSTOMERSISCHARACTERISTICFORTHOSE

簡(jiǎn)介：REGIONALECONOMICSANEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHYPERSPECTIVEKRISTIANBEHRENSA,JACQUESFRAN?OISTHISSEA,B,C,?ACORE,UNIVERSITéCATHOLIQUEDELOUVAIN,BELGIUMBCERAS,ECOLENATIONALEDESPONTSETCHAUSSéES,FRANCECCEPR,UNITEDKINGDOMRECEIVED5AUGUST2006ACCEPTED19OCTOBER2006AVAILABLEONLINE12APRIL2007ABSTRACTWESHOWTHATTHECONCEPTSANDTOOLSDEVELOPEDINNEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHYMAYBEUSEDTOREVISITSEVERALPROBLEMSINREGIONALECONOMICSINPARTICULAR,WEWANTTOSTRESSTHEFOLLOWINGTWOPOINTSIWHATDOWEMEANBYAREGIONANDIIWHATKINDOFINTERACTIONSBETWEENREGIONSDOWEWANTTOSTUDYANDHOWTOMODELTHEMWECONCLUDEBYDISCUSSINGAFEWOPENPROBLEMSTHATSHOULDBEEXPLOREDINMOREDETAILFORREGIONALECONOMICSTOBECOMEARICHERBODYOFKNOWLEDGE?2007ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDJELCLASSIFICATIONR1KEYWORDSREGIONSREGIONALECONOMICSNEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHY1INTRODUCTIONTHISJOURNALHASBEENLAUNCHEDIN1972UNDERTHETITLEREGIONALANDURBANECONOMICS,WHICHISALMOSTTHENAMEOFTHEJELCLASSIFICATIONENTRYRTHEFIRSTPOINTWEWISHTOMAKEISTHAT,BYTHETIMETHISJOURNALWASLAUNCHED,URBANECONOMICSWASALREADYAWELLESTABLISHEDFIELDDRAWINGONNEWCONCEPTSANDTOOLSBYCONTRAST,THESCIENTIFICSTATUSOFREGIONALECONOMICSWASLESSCLEARINREGIONALSCIENCEANDURBANECONOMICS372007457–465WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/REGECWETHANKAREFEREE,RICHARDARNOTT,WILFRIEDKOCHANDGIORDANOMIONFORHELPFULCOMMENTSANDSUGGESTIONSKRISTIANBEHRENSGRATEFULLYACKNOWLEDGESFINANCIALSUPPORTFROMTHEEUROPEANCOMMISSIONUNDERTHEMARIECURIEFELLOWSHIPMEIFCT2005024266?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORCERAS,ECOLENATIONALEDESPONTSETCHAUSSéES,FRANCEEMAILADDRESSESBEHRENSCOREUCLACBEKBEHRENS,THISSECOREUCLACBEJFTHISSE01660462/SEEFRONTMATTER?2007ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JREGSCIURBECO200610001MIND,AWELLKNOWNRESULTINSETTHEORYISTHATTHEREISAONETOONECORRESPONDENCEBETWEENTHEFAMILYOFPARTITIONSINASETANDTHEFAMILYOFEQUIVALENCERELATIONSOFTHESAMESETHALMOS,1965RECALLTHATANEQUIVALENCERELATIONINASETISAREFLEXIVE,SYMMETRICANDTRANSITIVERELATIONINTUITIVELY,ONEMAYTHINKOFANEQUIVALENCERELATIONASAGENERALIZATIONOFTHECONCEPTOFEQUALITYTOTHATOFSIMILARITYIANOBJECTISALWAYSSIMILARTOITSELFREFLEXIVITYIIIFONEOBJECTISSIMILARTOANOTHER,THELATTERISSIMILARTOTHEFORMERSYMMETRYANDIIITWOOBJECTSSIMILARTOATHIRDONEARETHEMSELVESSIMILARTRANSITIVITYACCORDINGLY,USINGAPARTICULARREGIONALSYSTEMAMOUNTSTOWORKINGWITHASPECIALEQUIVALENCERELATIONDEFINEDONTHESPACEOFREFERENCETHISRESULTHASTWOIMPORTANTIMPLICATIONSIANYPLACEBELONGSTOASINGLEREGIONANDIITWOPLACESBELONGINGTOTHESAMEREGIONARECONSIDEREDASBEINGIDENTICALFROMTHESTANDPOINTOFTHEEQUIVALENCERELATION,WHEREASTWOPLACESBELONGINGTOTWODISTINCTREGIONSARENOTITISNOWEASYTOUNDERSTANDWHYTHEREISNOGENERALAGREEMENTONWHATAREGIONSHOULDBETHENUMBEROFEQUIVALENCERELATIONSTHATCANBEDEFINEDINASPACEIS“HUGE”THUS,DEPENDINGONTHEPOINTOFVIEWSELECTEDBYTHEANALYST,THEREGIONALSYSTEM,WHENCETHESHAPEANDNUMBEROFREGIONS,MAYVARYCONSEQUENTLY,AGIVENAREACANNOTBECONSIDEREDASAREGIONPERSEWHETHERORNOTITISPARTOFAREGIONALSYSTEMULTIMATELYDEPENDSONTHEEQUIVALENCERELATIONTHATISBEINGUSEDTHISDIFFICULTYSHOULDNOTCOMEASASURPRISEASDEFININGAREGIONALSYSTEMBEARSSOMERESEMBLANCEWITHTHEPROBLEMOFAGGREGATIONINECONOMICTHEORYINTHISRESPECT,ITISWELLKNOWNHOWPOORLYREPRESENTATIVETHESOCALLED“REPRESENTATIVECONSUMER”MAYBEKIRMAN,1992LIKEWISE,THEWORD“INDUSTRY”ISSTILLINSEARCHOFAWELLDEFINEDTHEORETICALMEANINGTRIFFIN,1940GROUPINGLOCATIONSWITHINTHESAMESPATIALENTITY,CALLEDAREGION,GIVESRISETOSIMILARDIFFICULTIESITIS,THEREFORE,PROBABLYHOPELESSTOGIVEACLEARANDPRECISEANSWERTOOURFIRSTQUESTION,WHICHISESSENTIALLYANEMPIRICALONEWHENWETALKABOUTAREGION,WEMUSTBEHAPPYWITHTHESAMETHEORETICALVAGUENESSTHATWEENCOUNTERWHENUSINGTHECONCEPTOFINDUSTRYNOTETHATBOTHINVOLVESOME“INTERMEDIATE”LEVELOFAGGREGATIONBETWEENTHEMACROANDTHEMICROITSHOULDBECLEARFROMTHEFOREGOINGDISCUSSIONTHATTHEMAINCHALLENGEINDEFININGAREGIONALSYSTEMLIESMOREINTHEEMPIRICALAPPLICATIONONEHASINMINDFROMAPURELYEMPIRICALPOINTOFVIEW,THECONCEPTOFREGIONONERETAINSISOFTENINTRINSICALLYLINKEDTOTHEAVAILABILITYOFDATAHENCE,THEQUESTIONOFTHESPATIALSCALEOFANALYSIS,THOUGHALREADYPROBLEMATICINTHEORY,BECOMESEVENMOREDRAMATICINAPPLIEDRESEARCHHOWEVER,SUCHADIFFICULTYDOESNOTDISPENSETHEANALYSTFROMSEEKINGMEANINGFULEMPIRICALSOLUTIONSSEE,EGMAGRINI,2004MCMILLENANDSMITH,2003ONTHEONEHAND,THEQUESTIONOFTHESIZEOFREGIONSNOLONGERMATTERSBECAUSEITISOFTENDICTATEDBYADMINISTRATIVECLASSIFICATIONSEG,THENUTSREGIONALCLASSIFICATIONOFTHEEUONTHEOTHERHAND,ONEISTEMPTEDTOTWISTTHEORYSOTHATITFITSINTOTHEAVAILABLESTATISTICALCLASSIFICATIONSONEADDITIONALPROBLEMISTHAT,DUETOTHENATUREOFTHEDATAAVAILABLE,SPACEMUSTOFTENBEREPRESENTEDBYADISCRETESETOFPOINTSYET,WHENTHEREARETOOMANYPOINTS,AGGREGATIONBECOMESNECESSARYANDGIVESRISETOANOTHERPROBLEM,KNOWNASTHEMAUPMOVABLEAREALUNITPROBLEM3SOMENEWTECHNIQUESSHOULDALLEVIATETHEMAUPPROBLEMINPARTICULAR,THEUSEOFGEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONSYSTEMSANDTHEINCREASINGAVAILABILITYOFMICROSPATIALDATASHOULDALLOWFORLESSRELIANCEONARBITRARILYDETERMINEDREGIONALBOUNDARIES43ECONOMISTSANDGEOGRAPHERSDONOTSEEMTOBEAWARETHATMATHEMATICIANSHAVEEXTENSIVELYSTUDIEDTHEPOSSIBLEERRORSTHATMAYEMERGEFROMTHEAGGREGATIONOFDATAINTHISPERSPECTIVE,FRANCISETAL2007CONSIDERANDCOMPAREVARIOUSAGGREGATIONERRORMEASURES,IDENTIFYSOMEEFFECTIVEANDSOMEINEFFECTIVEAGGREGATIONERRORMEASURES,ANDDISCUSSSOMEOPENRESEARCHAREAS4FOREXAMPLE,DURANTONANDOVERMAN2005STARTFROMACONTINUOUSSPACEAPPROACHTODETERMINETHEDEGREEOFSPATIALCONCENTRATIONOFVARIOUSINDUSTRIALSECTORS,WHEREASMORIETAL2005PROPOSEANINDEXOFINDUSTRIALLOCATIONTHATCANBEDECOMPOSEDINTOCOMPONENTSREPRESENTINGLOCALIZATIONATVARIOUSLEVELSOFSPATIALAGGREGATION459KBEHRENS,JFTHISSE/REGIONALSCIENCEANDURBANECONOMICS372007457–465

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2800字，字，1800英文單詞，英文單詞，9800英文字符英文字符文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處JANGS,LEEJG,LEEHCORRELATIONBETWEENRESINVISCOSITYANDIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODEJELECTRONICMATERIALSLETTERS,2013,96793796樹(shù)脂粘度與壓印壓力模式之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系SIYOULJANG，JAEGABLEE和HEONLEE機(jī)械和自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)院，KOOKMIN大學(xué)，首爾136702。韓國(guó)國(guó)民大學(xué)韓國(guó)先進(jìn)材料工學(xué)院136702韓國(guó)韓國(guó)先進(jìn)材料工程學(xué)校韓國(guó)大學(xué)韓國(guó)首爾136701韓國(guó)（收到日期2012年10月13日/接受日期2013年7月9日/發(fā)布日期2013年11月10日）摘要摘要期間的變化通過(guò)改變樹(shù)脂粘度和印跡壓力模式來(lái)研究印跡過(guò)程。如果要求壓印過(guò)程達(dá)到所建議的剩余樹(shù)脂厚度或開(kāi)口水平，則應(yīng)根據(jù)壓印壓力的大小和速率指定適當(dāng)?shù)墓に囍芷冢驗(yàn)槭Ｓ鄬雍穸龋≧LT）受這些因素的顯著影響。此外，樹(shù)脂粘度對(duì)RLT變化的影響與印刻壓力模式相同。使用具有圖案密度為1203％的重復(fù)橢圓突起的模具進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，以確定所考慮的過(guò)程因素對(duì)壓印過(guò)程周期的影響。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞剩余層厚度，壓印壓力，潤(rùn)滑，開(kāi)口水平1引言引言印刷廣泛應(yīng)用于各種制造工藝中，近年來(lái)大量生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中其生產(chǎn)效率的重要性日益突出。已經(jīng)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，UV壓印的處理時(shí)間取決于樹(shù)脂粘度，以及UV固化之前壓印壓力的大小和速率。（壓力模式）的殘留層厚度（RLT），樹(shù)脂粘度和壓印壓力模式是決定加工時(shí)間的主要工藝因素。1特別是樹(shù)脂的粘度不僅直接影響模具設(shè)計(jì)的圖案密度和突起比，而且還會(huì)影響壓印模式，在亞微米級(jí)紫外線高壓粘合樹(shù)脂的薄膜狀態(tài)下，流動(dòng)阻力很高，這是由于薄膜機(jī)制，保證高壓印壓力，最終導(dǎo)致霉變。2特別是在零殘留層壓印時(shí)，壓印壓力保持很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，從而增加了模具變形的可能性。避免這種情況，模具尺寸應(yīng)該更小，它的一致性必須提高，以形成均勻性。36關(guān)于UV樹(shù)脂在模腔中的粘性行為必須增加順應(yīng)性，大多數(shù)模擬研究?jī)H僅選擇了不變的壓印速度，恒定的施加壓印壓力和恒定的力，這對(duì)于面印記系統(tǒng)是不可能的。6作為對(duì)應(yīng)作者的窗口打開(kāi)過(guò)程，由達(dá)到零RLT的壓印壓力和樹(shù)脂粘度兩者所控制，可以通過(guò)改變所施加的壓印壓力來(lái)操縱。但是，一旦設(shè)備啟動(dòng)，大多數(shù)壓印機(jī)都不能在直接模式下施加所需的壓印壓力。在最近的模擬研究過(guò)程67中，壓印壓力逐漸增加到其最終值。通過(guò)考慮優(yōu)化模具表面上的凹凸分布來(lái)計(jì)算壓印過(guò)程中的變化。樹(shù)脂粘度是最重要的印記過(guò)程參數(shù)之一，在薄膜狀態(tài)下被認(rèn)為是非常高的，例如10SPAS的數(shù)值分析。在本研究中，使用重復(fù)2D模式特征，模擬了基于壓印模式和樹(shù)脂粘度的樹(shù)脂壓力發(fā)展和在壓印過(guò)程中的變化。結(jié)果顯示在不同印跡條件下RLT變化有明顯差異。2在紫外壓印系統(tǒng)中不同的樹(shù)脂粘度下的變化在紫外壓印系統(tǒng)中不同的樹(shù)脂粘度下的變化樹(shù)脂粘度被控制到很?。?10MPAS），以便確保腔體的快速和完全填充以及在短的處理時(shí)間內(nèi)將樹(shù)脂分配在基板上。但是，由于薄膜效應(yīng)，目標(biāo)具有非常高的粘度（例如10“帕），為了在薄膜狀態(tài)下達(dá)到壓印樹(shù)脂粘度的適當(dāng)值，9可以測(cè)量RLT作為固定施加載荷下的印刷處理時(shí)間的函數(shù)如果毛細(xì)管力在相對(duì)較高的壓印壓力下不占優(yōu)勢(shì)，則樹(shù)脂粘度成為控制壓印時(shí)間的主要因素之一。3如果毛細(xì)管力在相對(duì)較高的壓印壓力下不占主導(dǎo)地位，則樹(shù)脂粘度成為控制壓印時(shí)間的主要因素之一，RLT由STEPHENS公式（1）3表示，I不穩(wěn)定壓印壓力，其中H0，Η0，S和P分別是初始樹(shù)脂層，零剪切粘度，突起部分和壓印壓力。該方程表明樹(shù)3RLTRLT和流體樹(shù)脂壓力發(fā)展的計(jì)算結(jié)果和流體樹(shù)脂壓力發(fā)展的計(jì)算結(jié)果具有亞微米級(jí)的薄膜的粘度增加35級(jí)。基于以前的研究69結(jié)果，“我們選擇104105帕范圍內(nèi)的粘度輸入值，以清晰地顯示壓印過(guò)程中的RLT變化，通過(guò)使用公式（2）（4）計(jì)算當(dāng)前模具圖案的變化，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在更高的粘度下需要更多的時(shí)間才能達(dá)到零點(diǎn)，并且更高的壓印壓力導(dǎo)致RLT更快地下降。另外，100巴壓印瞬時(shí)速率（即壓力時(shí)間）影響熱變化，最終決定（圖2），此外，在相同的壓印壓力下，薄膜狀態(tài)下的粘度具有相當(dāng)大的電子能力（圖3）圖2100巴和10104帕斯卡粘度下的壓印率的變化RLT圖31010帕粘度下10和100巴下的RLT變化和10104帕的變化對(duì)RLT變化的變化

簡(jiǎn)介：3700英文單詞，英文單詞，2萬(wàn)英文字符，中文萬(wàn)英文字符，中文6400字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處BEHRENSK,THISSEJFREGIONALECONOMICSANEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHYPERSPECTIVEJREGIONALSCIENCEANDURBANECONOMICS,2007,374457465REGIONALECONOMICSANEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHYPERSPECTIVEKRISTIANBEHRENS,JACQUESFRAN?OISTHISSEABSTRACTWESHOWTHATTHECONCEPTSANDTOOLSDEVELOPEDINNEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHYMAYBEUSEDTOREVISITSEVERALPROBLEMSINREGIONALECONOMICSINPARTICULAR,WEWANTTOSTRESSTHEFOLLOWINGTWOPOINTSIWHATDOWEMEANBYAREGIONANDIIWHATKINDOFINTERACTIONSBETWEENREGIONSDOWEWANTTOSTUDYANDHOWTOMODELTHEMWECONCLUDEBYDISCUSSINGAFEWOPENPROBLEMSTHATSHOULDBEEXPLOREDINMOREDETAILFORREGIONALECONOMICSTOBECOMEARICHERBODYOFKNOWLEDGEKEYWORDSREGIONSREGIONALECONOMICSNEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHY1INTRODUCTIONTHISJOURNALHASBEENLAUNCHEDIN1972UNDERTHETITLEREGIONALANDURBANECONOMICS,WHICHISALMOSTTHENAMEOFTHEJELCLASSIFICATIONENTRYRTHEFIRSTPOINTWEWISHTOMAKEISTHAT,BYTHETIMETHISJOURNALWASLAUNCHED,URBANECONOMICSWASALREADYAWELLESTABLISHEDFIELDDRAWINGONNEWCONCEPTSANDTOOLSBYCONTRAST,THESCIENTIFICSTATUSOFREGIONALECONOMICSWASLESSCLEARINTHATREGIONALCONCEPTS,MODELSANDTECHNIQUESWERETOOOFTENAMEREEXTENSIONOFTHOSEUSEDATTHENATIONALLEVEL,WITHANADDITIONALINDEXIDENTIFYINGTHEDIFFERENTREGIONSSEE,EG,INTERREGIONALINPUT–OUTPUTMATRICESORTHEHARROD–DOMARMODELOFREGIONALGROWTH1THESAMUELSONIANEMPHASISPUTONTRADETHEORYALSOACTEDASANIMPEDIMENTTOTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTOFREGIONALECONOMICS,THETRADEOFGOODSBEINGVIEWEDASASUBSTITUTETOTHEMOBILITYOFFACTORSTODAY,THANKSTOTHESURGEOFNEWECONOMICGEOGRAPHYINSHORT,NEG,ITISTIMETORETHINKREGIONALECONOMICSTHISISWHATWEWISHTODOINTHISNOTEITISWORTHSTRESSINGFROMTHEOUTSETTHAT,INORDERTOTALKEVENHALFWAYSENSIBLYABOUTREGIONALECONOMICS,ITISNECESSARYTOTACKLETHEFOLLOWINGTWOQUESTIONSIWHATDOWEMEANBYAREGIONANDIIWHATKINDOFINTERACTIONSBETWEENREGIONSDOWEWANTTOSTUDYANDHOWTOMODELTHEMREGARDINGTHEFIRSTQUESTION,WEFINDITCRUCIALTODEVELOPABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWTHESPATIALSCALEOFTHEANALYSISMATTERSFORTHEECONOMICRESULTSTOOOFTEN,ECONOMISTSUSEINTERCHANGEABLYDIFFERENT,YETEQUALLYUNCLEAR,WORDSSUCHASLOCATIONS,REGIONSORPLACESWITHOUTBEINGAWARETHATTHEYOFTENCORRESPONDTODIFFERENTSPATIALUNITSINDOINGSO,THEYRUNTHERISKOFDRAWINGIMPLICATIONSTHATAREVALIDATACERTAINLEVELOFSPATIALAGGREGATIONBUTNOTATANOTHER2FURTHERMORE,USINGVAGUEDEFINITIONSOFTHESPATIALUNITOFANALYSISREDUCESTHESCIENTIFICCONTENTSOFTHETHEORYINTHEPOPPERIANSENSE,ASTHEEMPIRICALRESULTSCANALWAYSBECONTESTEDINLIGHTOFTHETHEORYONTHESOLEBASISTHATVARIABLESARENOTMEASUREDATTHEAPPROPRIATESPATIALSCALEASTOTHESECONDQUESTION,REGARDLESSOFWHATISMEANTBYAREGION,THECONCEPTISUSEFULIFANDONLYIFAREGIONISPARTOFABROADERNETWORKTHROUGHWHICHVARIOUSTYPESOFINTERACTIONSOCCURWITHOUTTAKINGTHISASPECTINTOACCOUNT,ONEMAYWONDERWHATTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENREGIONALECONOMICSANDTHEMACROECONOMICSOFACLOSEDECONOMYWOULDBEWHENTHEREISASINGLEREGION,THEECONOMYISASPATIALANDTHEREISNOTHINGINTERESTINGTOBESAIDINTERMSOFSPATIALANALYSISHENCE,ANYMEANINGFULDISCUSSIONOFREGIONALISSUESREQUIRESATLEASTTWOREGIONSINWHICHECONOMICDECISIONSAREMADEFURTHERMORE,IFWEDONOTWANTTHEANALYSISTOBECONFINEDTOTRADETHEORY,WEMUSTALSOACCOUNTEXPLICITLYFORTHEMOBILITYOFAGENTS–FIRMSAND/ORCONSUMERS–ASEVENMOREDRAMATICINAPPLIEDRESEARCHHOWEVER,SUCHADIFFICULTYDOESNOTDISPENSETHEANALYSTFROMSEEKINGMEANINGFULEMPIRICALSOLUTIONSSEE,EGMAGRINI,2004MCMILLENANDSMITH,2003ONTHEONEHAND,THEQUESTIONOFTHESIZEOFREGIONSNOLONGERMATTERSBECAUSEITISOFTENDICTATEDBYADMINISTRATIVECLASSIFICATIONSEG,THENUTSREGIONALCLASSIFICATIONOFTHEEUONTHEOTHERHAND,ONEISTEMPTEDTOTWISTTHEORYSOTHATITFITSINTOTHEAVAILABLESTATISTICALCLASSIFICATIONSONEADDITIONALPROBLEMISTHAT,DUETOTHENATUREOFTHEDATAAVAILABLE,SPACEMUSTOFTENBEREPRESENTEDBYADISCRETESETOFPOINTSYET,WHENTHEREARETOOMANYPOINTS,AGGREGATIONBECOMESNECESSARYANDGIVESRISETOANOTHERPROBLEM,KNOWNASTHEMAUPMOVABLEAREALUNITPROBLEM3SOMENEWTECHNIQUESSHOULDALLEVIATETHEMAUPPROBLEMINPARTICULAR,THEUSEOFGEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONSYSTEMSANDTHEINCREASINGAVAILABILITYOFMICROSPATIALDATASHOULDALLOWFORLESSRELIANCEONARBITRARILYDETERMINEDREGIONALBOUNDARIES3THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENREGIONALECONOMICSANDNEGTHEIDEAOFSPATIALINTERACTIONISCENTRALTOREGIONALECONOMICSBROADLYDEFINED,SPATIALINTERACTIONREFERSTOAWIDEARRAYOFFLOWSSUBJECTTOVARIOUSTYPESOFSPATIALFRICTIONS,SUCHASTRADEDGOODS,MIGRATIONS,CAPITALMOVEMENTS,INTERREGIONALGRANTS,REMITTANCES,ANDTHEINTERREGIONALTRANSMISSIONOFKNOWLEDGEANDBUSINESSCYCLEEFFECTSSOFAR,THEBULKOFNEGHASBEENRESTRICTEDTOTHEMOVEMENTSOFGOODSANDOFSOMEAGENTSONLYASARGUEDINTHEFOREGOINGSECTION,DEFININGCLEARLYANDDELINEATINGPRECISELYAREGIONAPPEARSTOBEADIFFICULT,NOTTOSAYIMPOSSIBLE,TASKKEEPINGTHISINMIND,WEASSUMEFROMNOWONTHATREGIONSMAYBEVIEWEDASUNITSWHEREECONOMICACTIVITYTAKESPLACEINLIGHTOFTHISVAGUEDEFINITION,ITBECOMESCRUCIALFORTHEANALYSISTOACCOUNTFORTHEFACTTHATWHERETHINGSHAPPENISENDOGENOUSLYDETERMINEDINAREGIONALSYSTEMINTHISRESPECT,TRADITIONALREGIONALECONOMICSOFTENFAILSTOGRASPSUCHANISSUEBYTAKINGTHELOCATIONOFPRODUCTIONFACTORSASGIVEN,VERYMUCHASINTRADETHEORYHOWCANORSHOULDAREGIONALSYSTEMBEFORMALLYREPRESENTEDISSTILLAMATTEROFDEBATEFIRSTLY,ONEMAYCONSIDERTHATTHEREISADISCRETESETOFREGIONSALTERNATIVELY,ONEMAYASSUMETHATTHEREISACONTINUUMOFREGIONSALTHOUGHTHESECONDAPPROACHMAYSEEMMOREAPPROPRIATEWHENWEWANTTOWORKATAVERYDISAGGREGATESPATIALLEVEL,ITSEEMSNATURALTOTHINKOFAREGIONALSYSTEMASBEINGFORMEDBYAFINITESETOFREGIONSFURTHERMORE,NEGSHOWSTHATEVENWHENLOCATIONSPACESARECONTINUOUS,ECONOMICACTIVITYUSUALLYCLUSTERSINTOAFEWPLACES5THISLEADSUSTOBELIEVETHATTHEOPERATIONALLYFEASIBLEANDTHEORETICALLYDESIRABLEREPRESENTATIONOFAREGIONALSYSTEMISINTERMSOFAGRAPHNOTETHATTHISISTHEAPPROACHTHATHASBEENCHOSENFORALONGTIMEINLOCATIONTHEORYBECKMANNANDTHISSE,1986INDEED,GRAPHSOFFERANATURALREPRESENTATIONOFFINITESYSTEMSOFAGENTS/NODESWHICHINTERACTWITHEACHOTHERTHROUGHLINKSITALSOFITSWELLTHEINTERMEDIATESPATIALSCALECONSIDEREDINREGIONALECONOMICSINASPATIALECONOMYWITHAFINITENUMBEROFREGIONS,WEKNOWFROMSTARRETTSSPATIALIMPOSSIBILITYTHEOREMTHATTHECOMPETITIVEMARKETMECHANISMBREAKSDOWNWHENTHEMOBILITYOFFIRMSAND/ORHOUSEHOLDSISCOMBINEDWITHTHETRANSPORTCOSTSOFGOODSBETWEENREGIONSHENCE,UNLESSSTRONGSPATIALHETEROGENEITIESAREASSUMEDTOBEGIVENAPRIORI,THEQUESTIONOFWHEREECONOMICACTIVITYOCCURSANDWHYCANNOTBEREADILYADDRESSEDWITHINTHECOMPETITIVEFRAMEWORKASARGUEDBYKRUGMAN1995,THISPROBABLYEXPLAINSWHYSPATIALECONOMICISSUESHAVEBEENFORSOLONGATTHEPERIPHERYOFMAINSTREAMECONOMICSNOTE,INPASSING,THATAMAJORIMPLICATIONOFTHESPATIALIMPOSSIBILITYTHEOREMISTHATSOMEFORMSOFIMPERFECTCOMPETITIONARELIKELYTOBENECESSARYTOHANDLEREGIONALISSUESITISNOSURPRISE,THEREFORE,THATTHESURGEOFNEGTOOKPLACEA

簡(jiǎn)介：點(diǎn)擊查看更多近景攝影測(cè)量相關(guān)資料-外文翻譯--photomodeler scanner古建筑測(cè)繪中的應(yīng)用精彩內(nèi)容。

簡(jiǎn)介：ELECTRONMATERLETT,VOL9,NO62013,PP793796CORRELATIONBETWEENRESINVISCOSITYANDIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODESIYOULJANG,1,JAEGABLEE,2ANDHEONLEE31SCHOOLOFMECHANICALANDAUTOMOTIVEENGINEERING,KOOKMINUNIVERSITY,SEOUL136702,KOREA2SCHOOLOFADVANCEDMATERIALSENGINEERING,KOOKMINUNIVERSITY,SEOUL136702,KOREA3SCHOOLOFADVANCEDMATERIALSENGINEERING,KOREAUNIVERSITY,SEOUL136701,KOREARECEIVEDDATE13OCTOBER2012/ACCEPTEDDATE9JANUARY2013/PUBLISHEDDATE10NOVEMBER2013THECHANGESINTHEPERIODOFTHEIMPRINTINGPROCESSWERESTUDIEDBYCHANGINGRESINVISCOSITIESANDIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODEIFANIMPRINTINGPROCESSISREQUIREDTOACHIEVEAPROPOSEDLEVELOFRESIDUALRESINTHICKNESSORWINDOWOPEN,ANAPPROPRIATEPROCESSPERIODSHOULDBEASSIGNEDWITHRESPECTTOTHEMAGNITUDEANDRATEOFTHEIMPRINTINGPRESSUREBECAUSETHERESIDUALLAYERTHICKNESSRLTISSIGNIFICANTLYINFLUENCEDBYTHESEFACTORSFURTHERMORE,THEIMPACTOFRESINVISCOSITYONRLTVARIATIONISASSIGNIFICANTASTHATOFTHEIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODEWEPERFORMEDANUMERICALSIMULATIONUSINGAMOLDHAVINGREPETITIVEELLIPTICALPROTRUSIONSWITHAPATTERNDENSITYOF1203TODETERMINETHEINFLUENCEOFTHECONSIDEREDPROCESSFACTORSONTHEIMPRINTINGPROCESSPERIODKEYWORDSRESIDUALLAYERTHICKNESS,IMPRINTINGPRESSURE,LUBRICATION,WINDOWOPEN1INTRODUCTIONUVIMPRINTINGISWIDELYUSEDINVARIOUSMANUFACTURINGPROCESSES,ANDTHEIMPORTANCEOFITSPRODUCTIONEFFICIENCYINRECENTMASSPRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONSHASBECOMEGREATERITHASBEENDEMONSTRATEDEXPERIMENTALLYTHATTHEPROCESSINGPERIODOFUVIMPRINTINGDEPENDSONRESINVISCOSITY,ANDTHEMAGNITUDEANDRATEOFIMPRINTINGPRESSUREPRESSUREMODEBEFOREUVCURING1FORIMPRINTINGAUVRESINFILMWITHZERORESIDUALLAYERTHICKNESSRLT,RESINVISCOSITYANDIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODEARETHEMAJORPROCESSFACTORSDETERMININGTHEPROCESSINGPERIODINPARTICULAR,RESINVISCOSITYDIRECTLYINFLUENCESNOTONLYMOLDDESIGNINTERMSOFPATTERNDENSITYANDPROTRUSIONRATIOBUTALSOIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODESINTHECASEOFSUBMICROSCALEUVIMPRINTINGWITHAHIGHVISCOSITYRESINOFTHINFILMSTATUS,FLOWRESISTANCE,WHICHISHIGHBECAUSEOFTHETHINFILMMECHANISM,WARRANTSHIGHIMPRINTINGPRESSURES,EVENTUALLYRESULTINGINMOLDDEFORMATION2ESPECIALLYINZERORESIDUALLAYERIMPRINTING,THEIMPRINTINGPRESSUREISMAINTAINEDFORALONGDURATION,THEREBYINCREASINGTHEPOSSIBILITYOFMOLDDEFORMATIONTOAVOIDTHISSITUATION,THEMOLDSIZESHOULDBESMALLER,ANDITSCOMPLIANCEMUSTBEINCREASEDFORPATTERNINGEVENNESS36REGARDINGTHEVISCOUSBEHAVIORSOFUVRESINSINTHEMOLDCAVITY,MOSTSIMULATIONSTUDIESSIMPLYSELECTACONSTANTIMPRINTINGVELOCITY,CONSTANTAPPLIEDIMPRINTINGPRESSURE,ANDCONSTANTFORCE,WHICHISNOTPOSSIBLEWITHAREALIMPRINTINGSYSTEM6THEWINDOWOPENINGPROCESS,WHICHISGOVERNEDBYBOTHTHEIMPRINTINGPRESSUREANDTHERESINVISCOSITYFORACHIEVINGZERORLT,CANMOSTLYBEMANIPULATEDBYVARYINGTHEAPPLIEDIMPRINTINGPRESSURE4HOWEVER,MOSTIMPRINTERSCANNOTIMPOSETHEDESIREDIMPRINTINGPRESSUREINTHEDIRECTMODEASSOONASTHEEQUIPMENTISSTARTEDTHEIMPRINTINGPRESSURETHUSGRADUALLYINCREASESTOITSFINALVALUEOVERTHEDURATIONOFTHEPROCESSMANYRECENTSIMULATIONSTUDIES6,7HAVECOMPUTEDRLTVARIATIONSDURINGIMPRINTINGBYCONSIDERINGOPTIMIZEDCAVITYANDPROTRUSIONDISTRIBUTIONSONTHEMOLDSURFACEINCORRELATIONWORKSBETWEENEXPERIMENTALANDNUMERICALANALYSISRESULTS,8,9RESINVISCOSITY,ONEOFTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTIMPRINTINGPROCESSPARAMETERS,ISCONSIDEREDTOBEVERYHIGHINTHINFILMSTATUS,FORINSTANCE,104PASINNUMERICALANALYSESINTHISSTUDY,USINGAREPETITIVE2DPATTERNFEATURE,WESIMULATERESINPRESSUREDEVELOPMENTSANDRLTVARIATIONSDURINGIMPRINTINGBASEDONIMPRINTINGPRESSUREMODESANDRESINVISCOSITIESTHERESULTSSHOWDISTINCTDIFFERENCESINRLTVARIATIONSUNDERDIFFERENTIMPRINTINGCONDITIONS2RLTVARIATIONSUNDERDIFFERENTRESINVISCOSITIESINUVIMPRINTINGSYSTEMS,RESINVISCOSITYISCONTROLLEDTOBESMALL10MPASINORDERTOENSUREQUICKANDCOMPLETEFILLINGOFTHECAVITYASWELLASTODISPENSETHERESINOVERTHESUBSTRATEDURINGSHORTPROCESSTIMEHOWEVER,THERESINFLUIDFILMCOATEDOVERTHETARGETHASCONSIDERABLYHIGHVISCOSITYFORINSTANCE104PASBECAUSEOFTHETHINFILMEFFECTTOARRIVEATASUITABLEVALUEOFIMPRINTINGRESINVISCOSITYATTHINFILMSTATUS,THERLTCANBEMEASUREDASAFUNCTIONOFTHEDOI101007/S1339101360137CORRESPONDINGAUTHORJANGSKOOKMINACKR?KIMANDSPRINGERSJANGETAL795ELECTRONMATERLETTVOL9,NO62013INFLUENCEONTHERLTVARIATIONSANDISONEOFTHEMAJORPROCESSDESIGNFACTORS,ASEXPLAINEDBEFOREFORTHEMOLDPATTERNCONSIDEREDINTHISSTUDY,UNDERANIMPRINTINGPRESSUREOF10BAR,RLTDECREASESVERYSLOWLYATARESINVISCOSITYTHATIS10HIGHERTHAN10104PASTHE10105PASRESINTAKES120STOACHIEVE20NMRLT,WHEREASTHE10104PASRESINDOESTHESAMEIN13SFIG3UNDERSTANDABLY,HIGHERIMPRINTINGPRESSURERESULTSINAFASTERRLTDECREASEASLONGASTHEIMPRINTERCANQUICKLYREACHTHESTEADYPRESSUREVALUEFIGURE3SHOWSTHERLTVARIATIONSUNDERSTEADYPRESSURESOF10BARAND100BARFORA3STRANSIENTPERIODINTHISCASE,WEFOUNDTHATTHEIMPRINTINGPRESSUREHASADIRECTINFLUENCEONTHERLTVARIATION,SIMILARTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFRESINVISCOSITY,WHICHALSODETERMINESTHEIMPRINTINGPROCESSDESIGNTHEDETAILEDPRESSUREDEVELOPMENTUNDERIMPRINTINGCONDITIONSOF10104PASANDA80STRANSITIONPERIODFORA10BARSTEADYPRESSUREISSHOWNINFIG4INITIALRESINPRESSUREDEVELOPEDINTHECENTEROFTHEIMPRINTINGAREAANDGROWSGRADUALLYOVERTHEENTIREAREAASTHEIMPRINTINGPROGRESSES,THEDEVELOPEDPRESSURECAUSESTHERESINTOTAKEASHAPESIMILARTOTHATOFTHEMOLDPATTERNTHISPROCESSISCLOSELYRELATEDTOPATTERNDENSITYLONGAFTERTHESTEADYIMPRINTINGPRESSUREISREACHED,THEPRESSUREONEACHPROTRUDEDPARTOFTHEMOLDBECOMESHIGHER,ANDTHISHIGHERPRESSURESQUEEZESTHERESINFLUIDOUTOFTHECONTACTAREA,LEADINGTOTHEFORMATIONOFAZERORESIDUALLAYER4CONCLUSIONSPRESSUREDEVELOPMENTWASSIMULATEDNUMERICALLYWITHAREPETITIVEMOLDPATTERNASUFFICIENTLYLARGECOMPUTATIONALAREASIZEWASCONSIDEREDFORTHEREPEATEDPATTERNSHAPERESINVISCOSITY,IMPRINTINGPRESSURE,ANDPRESSURERATEWERESELECTEDASTHEMAINFACTORSINDESIGNINGTHEIMPRINTINGPROCESSINTHESIMULATION,THEPRESSUREMODEREASONABLYREFLECTSTHEIMPRINTER’SOPERATIONBEHAVIORS,ONEOFWHICHCONTROLSTHEIMPRINTINGFORCERATHERTHANTHESQUEEZEVELOCITYPRESSUREDEVELOPMENTWASINVESTIGATEDNUMERICALLYASAFUNCTIONOFTHEIMPRINTINGPRESSURE,PRESSURERATE,ANDVISCOSITYWEFOUNDTHATEACHOFTHECONSIDEREDPARAMETERSHASUNIQUEDEVELOPMENTPATTERNS,WHICHCANPROVIDEINFORMATIONFORACHIEVINGABETTERWINDOWOPENINGPROCESSTHEEFFECTOFHIGHIMPRINTINGPRESSUREISSIMILARTOTHATOFLOWRESINVISCOSITY,WHEREASTHEEFFECTOFLOWIMPRINTINGPRESSUREISSIMILARTOTHATOFHIGHRESINVISCOSITYHOWEVER,FIG2RLTVARIATIONSBASEDONIMPRINTINGPRESSURERATESUNDER100BARAND10104PASVISCOSITYFIG3RLTVARIATIONSUNDER10AND100BAROF10104PASVISCOSITYAND10BAROF10104PASFIG4PRESSUREDEVELOPMENTVARIATIONSUNDER10BARAND10104PAS,80S

簡(jiǎn)介：點(diǎn)擊查看更多藥學(xué)專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯--亞胺培南與多粘菌素相比在治療呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎的安全性和有效性精彩內(nèi)容。

簡(jiǎn)介：點(diǎn)擊查看更多紡織相關(guān)外文翻譯--編織類型和緯紗密度對(duì)精紡毛織物起毛起球的影響精彩內(nèi)容。