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簡介：1基于地理環(huán)境的物流配送中心位置的研究摘要摘要物流配送中心的位置是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的空間分析、空間的決策問題,它還是一項(xiàng)物流系統(tǒng)的研究熱點(diǎn)。根據(jù)影響物流配送中心位置的因素,分析過程分為定性選擇候選人的地區(qū)和定量計(jì)算基于GIS環(huán)境。然后主要數(shù)據(jù)庫表的設(shè)計(jì)是為了滿足模型計(jì)算需要。分析還論述了過程及步驟。實(shí)踐證明,地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS技術(shù)可以讓傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型上缺乏,使得GIS技術(shù)對實(shí)用的物流配送中心位置的選擇是可操作的。關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字物流配送中心的地點(diǎn)、影響因素、空間決策權(quán)、定性和定量位置一、介紹一、介紹物流配送中心是物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中供給與需求之間的橋梁,在物流體系中發(fā)揮著重要作用。分銷中心位置是否適當(dāng)將直接影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的效率和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。很多學(xué)者都從不同的角度討論了物流配送中心位置的模型問題,模型主要為數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃、多算法決策、啟發(fā)式算法和仿真等等，而且大部分已經(jīng)被實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了。那些模型的目標(biāo)函數(shù)通常是要求得運(yùn)費(fèi)和固定資產(chǎn)投資更少的位置。在計(jì)算運(yùn)費(fèi)的模型中，道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的距離通常被認(rèn)為是線性的距離計(jì)算。有時(shí),即使通過在模型中引入一些模型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)因數(shù)，將直線距離轉(zhuǎn)換成里程公路、鐵路或其他交通和運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，當(dāng)與實(shí)際距離相比較時(shí)，較大的錯(cuò)誤仍是永遠(yuǎn)存在的。事實(shí)上,配送中心的位置是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的決策過程,一個(gè)最優(yōu)位置的配送中心常常綜合決定于多方面的因素。候選區(qū)域的配送中心總是假設(shè)是存在的，或者是僅僅在傳統(tǒng)的模型中被簡單處理，而這總是與事實(shí)不相符的。在文章中，影響物流配送中心位置的因素會(huì)被首先討論，其次分析地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）技術(shù)的作用和意義。另外,物流配送中心定位的過程分為兩個(gè)階段一是選擇一些候選區(qū)域，使用多種空間分析方法對地理環(huán)境進(jìn)行定性分析,另一種是從候選地區(qū)定量數(shù)學(xué)模型中提取一個(gè)最佳的地區(qū)。分析過程及步驟被詳細(xì)解釋說明，并且數(shù)據(jù)庫表格設(shè)計(jì)的目的也是滿足需求定量分析。事實(shí)證明,地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)可以彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型的缺乏,而且通過實(shí)際運(yùn)用GIS技術(shù)，對物流配送中心選址是有可操作性和實(shí)用性的。二、影響物流配送中心位置的因素分析二、影響物流配送中心位置的因素分析共同的位置模型總是分為四個(gè)階段數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備、影響因素分析,全面影響評(píng)估及選址分析,而且影響因素分析是選址模型四個(gè)階段中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟。3問題上不能表現(xiàn)得很完美,它需要其他的空間技術(shù)。三、三、GIS技術(shù)在物流配送中心選址中的功能技術(shù)在物流配送中心選址中的功能物流系統(tǒng)中的大多數(shù)問題都是進(jìn)行空間分析、空間決策的問題6,如物流配送中心的整體安排管理、最優(yōu)路徑分布等。地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),它可以輸入、儲(chǔ)存、編輯、查詢、分析和顯示空間數(shù)據(jù)和屬性信息。地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS也是一種集地理、幾何、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)及各類應(yīng)用對象于一體的高級(jí)技術(shù)。地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS技術(shù)具有著很強(qiáng)大的權(quán)力將來自不同來源地?cái)?shù)據(jù)整合在一起,空間數(shù)據(jù)分析功能強(qiáng)大，所以它在空間決策領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了重要的作用。GIS技術(shù)在物流配送中心選址中的功能可以被描述為如下幾方面1作為一個(gè)信息平臺(tái)，地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS是用來整合不同種類的信息和影響因素結(jié)合在一起的決策。2存儲(chǔ)在地理信息系統(tǒng)中的路網(wǎng)具有拓?fù)潢P(guān)系，它描述了當(dāng)前道路的真實(shí)情況，而且拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)可以用來精確計(jì)算運(yùn)輸?shù)恼鎸?shí)距離，可以避免傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型造成的像這樣的錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)。3地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS提供許多空間分析方法,例如空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析、空間緩沖分析、空間過度分析等等。所有這些方法也可以被選擇用來解決不同的問題。例如,緩沖分析和過度分析可以用來選擇最初的候選地區(qū),而空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析可以用來在路徑分配計(jì)劃中選擇一個(gè)最優(yōu)路徑,從而使航路規(guī)劃交通費(fèi)用更低。4地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）可以充分和明顯地表現(xiàn)對象，它可以利用專題地圖和可視化技術(shù)使得定位過程和分析結(jié)果可見。5大部分GIS軟件提供次要的發(fā)展功能。傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型可以模塊化到地理環(huán)境，而且當(dāng)計(jì)算定量測定時(shí)，GIS平臺(tái)可以提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,圖形界面和人機(jī)互動(dòng)界面。四、基于四、基于GIS地理環(huán)境的物流配送中心選址過程地理環(huán)境的物流配送中心選址過程在GIS地理環(huán)境下，尋找一個(gè)物流配送中心的過程可以劃分為兩個(gè)階段一個(gè)是定性地選擇候選區(qū)域，另一個(gè)是從候選區(qū)域提取一個(gè)最優(yōu)區(qū)域進(jìn)行定量分析。這篇文章中的定量分析模型采用了多分布中心的決策模型和多品種產(chǎn)品作為參考，這些都在資料中有所描述7。而且主數(shù)據(jù)庫表的設(shè)計(jì)也是以滿足在進(jìn)行第一階段的模型計(jì)算時(shí)遇到的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備和數(shù)據(jù)處理問題而制定的。（一）定性選擇候選區(qū)域（一）定性選擇候選區(qū)域在定性選擇候選區(qū)域的第一階段,分析步驟被描述為以下幾方面1收集信息,建立數(shù)據(jù)庫各種各樣的地圖,空間數(shù)據(jù)和通過定位密切聯(lián)系的信息聯(lián)想應(yīng)在GIS技術(shù)平臺(tái)上被收集和處理，諸如城市道路網(wǎng)的地圖、城市土地評(píng)價(jià)地圖、城市土地利用的地圖、城市土地價(jià)值的地圖、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源分布圖、客戶端網(wǎng)絡(luò)分布地圖等等。所有這些空間數(shù)據(jù)和他們的屬性都被綜合地管理和存儲(chǔ)在與對象相關(guān)的空

簡介：出處出處JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY,2001,1143185188中文中文3430字花鍵軸開模冷擠壓中局部鐓粗問題的解決和相關(guān)光塑性研究摘要摘要同別的成型方法相比，花鍵軸的冷擠壓成型有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。然而，在入?？谔幍溺叴謫栴}，仍然沒有解決，影響著這種凈形技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用。為了解決局部鐓粗問題，在這篇文章中提出了在模具開口處加一個(gè)導(dǎo)向長度的方法。在光塑性的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了解決問題的一個(gè)理論分析模型，并且提出了一個(gè)計(jì)算導(dǎo)向長度的方法?；谟?jì)算結(jié)果選出了合理的工藝參數(shù)，并且實(shí)際工藝中結(jié)果良好。關(guān)鍵詞花鍵軸；冷擠壓；局部鐓粗；光塑性11前言前言最近幾年，凈形或近凈形加工，甚至在制造工件的復(fù)雜部分?；ㄦI軸的冷擠壓成形比切削有更大的潛力，平模的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，應(yīng)為它的許多顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，例如節(jié)省原材料，生產(chǎn)效率高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，成本低。然而，模具設(shè)計(jì)和工藝參數(shù)的選擇依賴于非理論的因數(shù)和分析系統(tǒng)的缺乏，導(dǎo)致坯料常常在模具入口發(fā)生鐓粗，導(dǎo)致了在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中擠壓的失敗。近來，這種鐓粗問題主要的解決辦法是在主要設(shè)備上反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，采用試錯(cuò)的方法，這種方法費(fèi)用昂貴，限制了這種先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)工藝的廣泛應(yīng)用。擠壓力的計(jì)算和花鍵軸冷擠壓成形工藝參數(shù)曾經(jīng)有過許多探索者做過研究，但是局部鐓粗的問題研究沒有過報(bào)導(dǎo)。這篇文章重點(diǎn)解決局部鐓粗問題和相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論分析。22局部鐓粗的形成和解決局部鐓粗的形成和解決2121如何避免局部鐓粗的形成如何避免局部鐓粗的形成在花鍵軸開模冷擠壓的工藝過程中，沒有進(jìn)入模具塑性變形區(qū)的工作區(qū)不受模具的約束，不會(huì)發(fā)生變形，這樣開模擠壓的成形條件為P≤S?式中P為坯料單位面積上的擠壓力，是坯料的屈服強(qiáng)度。如果S?P＞S?那么在圓錐形模具入口處的坯料將首先變形，然后被鐓粗。最終，金屬流動(dòng)被約束導(dǎo)致開模擠壓失敗。哪一個(gè)參數(shù)是模具設(shè)計(jì)的主要因數(shù)和怎么判斷開模擠壓成功或失敗是一個(gè)問題。一些關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的研究是應(yīng)用限制較高的方法。當(dāng)別的參數(shù)固定的時(shí)候，有兩個(gè)臨界參數(shù)，即臨界入模半角ΑCR1和ΑCR2（ΑCR1＜ΑCR2）。當(dāng)ΑCR1＜?。鸡R2時(shí)，成形條件P≤得到滿足，并且局部鐓粗S?圖二不同導(dǎo)向長度的軸成型狀況AL028㎜,BL025表一不同導(dǎo)向長度對成型能力的影響導(dǎo)向長度L0（㎜）43734312825成型能力好好好好不好不可以當(dāng)L028MM時(shí)，結(jié)果是不穩(wěn)定的，顯示在圖二A，一個(gè)小的局部鐓粗在模具入口處出現(xiàn)，在擠壓鍵的的表面有一些細(xì)微的裂縫。當(dāng)L025MM時(shí)，局部鐓粗現(xiàn)象變得嚴(yán)重，在擠壓鍵表面有嚴(yán)重的缺陷，如淚痕狀和燒蝕狀缺陷?；ㄦI軸僅有少部分?jǐn)D壓完成。隨著局部鐓粗的增加，正常的擠壓失?。ㄈ鐖D二B）。由以上可以推斷出合理的導(dǎo)向長度L0應(yīng)該可以避免局部鐓粗現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，并且擠壓也可以成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)，甚至當(dāng)Α在正常范圍之外（?。睛R2）。33理論分析模型和導(dǎo)向長度理論分析模型和導(dǎo)向長度L0的計(jì)算方法的計(jì)算方法3131光塑性實(shí)驗(yàn)光塑性實(shí)驗(yàn)ITO9首先提出聚碳酸脂工程塑料可以代替賽璐珞作為一種光塑性模型材料，并且，聚碳酸脂工程塑料也可以模擬冷成形。在本文中，為了研究上述的局部鐓粗問題的解決方法，作者選擇了一種物理模擬方法9，通過這種實(shí)際的模擬方法來獲得一個(gè)理論分析模型。模擬材料為聚碳酸脂工程塑料，選擇了兩個(gè)入模角，Α300和Α450。圖三（A）和（B）顯示一個(gè)沒有局部鐓粗的縱向切片的等色線圖（Α300）和一個(gè)有局部鐓粗的縱向切片的等色線圖（Α450）。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?。鸡R（沒有局部鐓粗）時(shí)，金屬沿著模具連接面流動(dòng)正常，并且有一個(gè)零級(jí)條紋區(qū)，這表明沒有沿著入模角口的塑性變形，當(dāng)Α＞ΑCR2時(shí)（Α450），坯料形成局部鐓粗并進(jìn)入入模角，并且在這個(gè)區(qū)的邊緣也非常近，這表示扭曲變形的集中。然而，靠近局部鐓粗的地方也有零級(jí)條紋區(qū)。圖三（C）顯示了一個(gè)局部鐓粗部分的橫切片。有六個(gè)對稱的條紋區(qū)，別的是零度

簡介：附錄附錄附錄附錄1外文文獻(xiàn)原文外文文獻(xiàn)原文THEROLEOFTHEMAPINAWEBGISENVIRONMENTMENNOJANKRAAKINTERNATIONALINSTITUTEOFGEOINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDEARTHOBSERVATION,DEPARTMENTOFGEOINFORMATIONPROCESSING,POBOX6,7500AAENSCHEDE,THENETHERLANDSEMAILKRAAKITCNLABSTRACTTHEWORLDWIDEWEBHASCHANGEDTHEPERSPECTIVEONTHEROLETHATMAPSCANPLAYTHEIRTRADITIONALFUNCTIONREMAINS,EGTOREPRESENTANABSTRACTIONOFASELECTEDPARTOFREALITYTOOFFERINSIGHTINTOGEOSPATIALPATTERNSANDRELATIONSADDITIONALLYTHEMAPCANBEANIMPORTANTPARTOFASEARCHENGINE,ESPECIALLYINTHECONTEXTOFGEOSPATIALDATAINFRASTRUCTUREMAPSCANALSOFUNCTIONASANINTERFACETOOTHERGEOGRAPHICANDNONGEOGRAPHICINFORMATIONONTHEWEBTHEQUESTION‘WHATARETHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHISEXPANDINGROLEOFMAPSFORAWEBGISENVIRONMENT’ISADDRESSEDINTHISPAPER1INTRODUCTIONMAPSARERECOGNISEDINTHEIRCAPACITYTOOFFERANOVERVIEWOFANDINSIGHTINTOSPATIALPATTERNSANDRELATIONSMAPSCANGUIDEUSFROMATOB,SHOWTHESTRUCTUREOFTHELANDSCAPE,DISPLAYTHECHANGESINPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONS,ORSHOWFUTUREURBANPLANSMAPSDOTHISBECAUSETHEYREPRESENTABSTRACTIONSANDSELECTIONSOFREALITYIFWELLDESIGNED,THEMEANINGOFTHEIRSYMBOLOGYWILLGIVETHEUSERALINKTOAPARTOFREALITYGEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONSYSTEMSGISARECHARACTERISEDBYTHEABILITYTOINTEGRATEGEOSPATIALDATAFROMAWIDEVARIETYOFSOURCESTHEFUNCTIONALITYOFSUCHSYSTEMSALLOWSDIFFERENTKINDSOFSPATIALANALYSISOPERATIONSTHENATUREOFTHESEOPERATIONSISOFTENBASEDONAPPLICATIONSMODELS,THECURRENTDISCIPLINARYAPPROACHTOTHEPROBLEMATHANDOBVIOUSLY,MAPSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINGISNOTONLYDOTHEYPRESENTTHEFINALRESULTSOFTHESPATIALANALYSISBUTTHEYAREALSOCRITICALDURINGTHEWHOLEITERATIVEPROCESSOFGEOSPATIALDATAHANDLINGTHEPOPULARITYOFGISHASHADATHETOOLSFORUSERFRIENDLYQUERIESANDRETRIEVALWHENSTUDYINGTHEMASSIVEAMOUNTOFDATAFORINSTANCEPRODUCEDBYSENSORS,NOWAVAILABLEVIATHEWEBCARTWRIGHTETAL1999KRAAKANDBROWN2000PETERSON2001MAPSARENOLONGERJUSTAMEDIUMTODISPLAYFINALRESULTSMAPSAREUSEDANYWHEREINTHEGEOSPATIALDATAHANDLINGPROCESSADDITIONALLY,TECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTSHAVEBROUGHTMAPPINGCLOSERTOOTHERDISCIPLINES,WHICHHAVEINFLUENCEDTHEAPPROACHTOMAPPINGINTERACTIONANDDYNAMICSBECAMEIMPORTANTKEYWORDSINTHE1990S,DEVELOPMENTSAROUNDSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATIONMCCORMICKETAL1987HAVEGIVENTHEWORDVISUALIZATIONANENHANCEDMEANINGTHESEHAVELINKEDVISUALIZATIONTOMORESPECIFICWAYSINWHICHMODERNCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYFACILITATESTHEPROCESSOF‘‘MAKINGDATAVISIBLE’’INREALTIMEINORDERTOSTRENGTHENKNOWLEDGETHERELATIONSBETWEENMAPPINGANDGISONTHEONEHAND,ANDSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATIONONTHEOTHERHAVEBEENDISCUSSEDINDEPTHBYHEARNSHAWANDUNWIN1994TAYLOR1994MACEACHRENANDTAYLOR1994INADDITIONTOSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATION,WHICHDEALSMAINLYWITHMEDICALIMAGING,PROCESSMODELVISUALIZATION,ANDMOLECULARCHEMISTRY,ANOTHERBRANCHOFVISUALIZATIONTHATINFLUENCEDMAPPINGCANBERECOGNIZEDTHISISCALLEDINFORMATIONVISUALIZATIONCARDETAL1999,ANDFOCUSESONVISUALIZATIONOFNONNUMERICALINFORMATIONINTHISFIELDWESEETHEMAPUSEDASMETAPHORTOACCESSDATAOTHERDISCIPLINES84MENNOJANKRAAKHAVINGHADINFLUENCEONTHEMAPAREIMAGEANALYSIS,EXPLORATORYDATAANALYSISEDA,ANDOFCOURSEMETHODOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTSINGISANDCARTOGRAPHYNOTTOBEFORGOTTENTHEABOVEDEVELOPMENTSINSCIENTIFICVISUALISATIONSTIMULATEDDIBIASE1990TODEFINEAMODELFORMAPBASEDSCIENTIFICVISUALISATIONITCOVERSBOTHTHECOMMUNICATIONANDTHINKINGFUNCTIONSOFTHEMAPCOMMUNICATIONISDESCRIBEDAS‘‘PUBLICVISUALCOMMUNICATION’’SINCEITCONCERNSMAPSAIMEDATAWIDEAUDIENCETHINKINGISDEFINEDAS‘‘PRIVATEVISUALTHINKING’’BECAUSEITISOFTENANINDIVIDUALPLAYINGWITHTHEGEOSPATIALDATATODETERMINEITSSIGNIFICANCEONAMOREDETAILEDLEVEL,DIFFERENTVISUALISATIONSTAGESCANBERECOGNISED,EACHREQUIRINGADIFFERENTSTRATEGYFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFMAPUSETHISRANGESFROMPRESENTATIONTOEXPLORATIONTHEFIRSTFITSINTOTHETRADITIONALREALMOFCARTOGRAPHY,WHERETHE

簡介：INTENSIVECAREMED2007331162–1167DOI101007/S0013400706752ORIGINALHKALLELLHERGAFIMBAHLOULAHAKIMHDAMMAKHCHELLYCBENHAMIDAACHAARINREKIKMBOUAZIZSAFETYANDEFFICACYOFCOLISTINCOMPAREDWITHIMIPENEMINTHETREATMENTOFVENTILATORASSOCIATEDPNEUMONIAAMATCHEDCASE–CONTROLSTUDYRECEIVED26JULY2006ACCEPTED23APRIL2007PUBLISHEDONLINE25MAY2007?SPRINGERVERLAG2007HKALLELULHERGAFIMBAHLOULHDAMMAKHCHELLYCBHAMIDAACHAARINREKIKMBOUAZIZCHUHABIBBOURGUIBA,SERVICEDERéANIMATIONMéDICALE,ROUTEELAINKM1,3029SFAX,TUNISIAEMAILKALLELHATYAHOOFRTEL21698415299FAX21674243427AHAKIMFACULTéDEMéDECINEDESFAX,LABORATOIREDEPHARMACOLOGIE,ROUTEELAINKM1,3029SFAX,TUNISIAABSTRACTOBJECTIVEOURSTUDYAIMEDTODETERMINETHEEFFICACYANDSAFETYOFCOLISTININTHETREATMENTOFVENTILATORASSOCIATEDPNEUMONIAVAPCAUSEDBYPANDRUGRESISTANTPSEUDOMONASAERUGINOSAORACINETOBACTERBAUMANIIDESIGNPAIRWISE,RETROSPECTIVEEXPOSED–UNEXPOSEDSTUDYSETTINGCOMBINEDMEDICALANDSURGICALINTENSIVECAREUNITOFHABIBBOURGUIBAUNIVERSITYHOSPITALSFAX,TUNISIAPATIENTSSIXTYPATIENTSWITHVAPCAUSEDBYPANDRUGRESISTANTABAUMANIIORPAERUGINOSAMATCHEDTO60CONTROLSWITHVAPCAUSEDBYABAUMANIIORPAERUGINOSASUSCEPTIBLETOIMIPENEMALLPATIENTSHADNORMALRENALFUNCTIONATTHEONSETOFANTIBIOTICTHERAPYINTERVENTIONSCASEPATIENTSWERETREATEDBYCOLISTININTRAVENOUSLYANDCONTROLPATIENTSWERETREATEDBYIMIPENEMINTRAVENOUSLYMEASUREMENTSANDRESULTSBASELINECHARACTERISTICSWERESIMILARBETWEENTHECOLISTINANDIMIPENEMGROUPSTHEMEANDURATIONOFANTIBIOTICTHERAPYFORVAPWAS95±38DAYSRANGE5–22DAYSWITHCOLISTINAND89±28DAYSRANGE5–20DAYSWITHIMIPENEMP032AFAVORABLECLINICALRESPONSETOANTIBIOTICTHERAPYFORVAPOCCURREDIN45PATIENTS75INTHECOLISTINGROUPANDIN43PATIENTS717INTHEIMIPENEMGROUPP068THETIMETORESOLUTIONOFINFECTIOUSPARAMETERSAFTERTHEINITIATIONOFANTIBIOTICTHERAPYWASNOTSTATISTICALLYDIFFERENTBETWEENTHETWOGROUPSDURINGTHEANTIBIOTICCOURSE,NONEOFTHEPATIENTSINEITHERGROUPDEVELOPEDRENALFAILURECONCLUSIONSWECONCLUDETHATCOLISTINCANBEASAFEANDEFFECTIVEOPTIONINTHETREATMENTSOFVAPCAUSEDBYPANDRUGRESISTANTPAERUGINOSAORABAUMANIIKEYWORDSCOLISTINVENTILATORASSOCIATEDPNEUMONIANEPHROTOXICITYIMIPENEMINTRODUCTIONPANDRUGRESISTANTPDRGRAMNEGATIVEBACTERIAAREANIMPORTANTPROBLEMWORLDWIDE,ESPECIALLYINTHEINTENSIVECAREUNITICU1,2MULTIPLEDRUGRESISTANCEMAKESDIFFICULTTHECHOICEOFTHEEMPIRICANTIMICROBIALMOLECULEANDISRESPONSIBLEFORDELAYEDADAPTEDANTIMICROBIALTREATMENT3INTHERECENTLYPUBLISHEDLITERATURE,PSEUDOMONASAERUGINOSAANDACINETOBACTERBAUMANIIARETHETWOMOSTWIDELYDESCRIBEDMICROORGANISMSTOBERESISTANTTOTHEMOSTOFAVAILABLEANTIBIOTICS4FORTHISREASON,COLISTINHASBEENRECENTLYCONSIDEREDASALASTTHERAPEUTICOPTIONFORTHETREATMENTOFPATIENTSWITHINFECTIONSCAUSEDBYTHESEMICROORGANISMS4COLISTINISANOLDANTIBIOTICWHICHWASUSEDUNTILTHEEARLY1980STOTREATINFECTIONSCAUSEDBYGRAMNEGATIVERODSWHENGENTAMICINANDSECONDANDTHIRDGENERATIONCEPHALOSPORINSBECAMEAVAILABLE,COLISTINWASDROPPED,MAINLYBECAUSEOFITSNEUROANDNEPHROTOXICITY5–8THEINCREASINGPREVALENCEOFPDRGRAMNEGATIVEORGANISMS,1164TREATMENTREGIMENINTHECOLISTINGROUP,PATIENTSWERETREATEDWITHCOLISTINSULFOMETHATESODIUMBELLONRH?NEPOULENCRORERADMINISTEREDINTRAVENOUSLYTHEDOSAGEWAS6MILLIONUNITS≈100,000U/KGOFCOLISTINDAILY,DIVIDEDINTOTHREEDOSESINTHEIMIPENEMGROUP,PATIENTSWERETREATEDWITHIMIPENEMIMIPENEM/CILASTATINMSDADMINISTEREDINTRAVENOUSLYTHEDOSAGEWAS2GOFIMIPENEMDAILY,DIVIDEDINTOFOURDOSESINTHISSTUDY,ALLPATIENTSRECEIVEDCOLISTINORIMIPENEMONANEMPIRICALBASIS,WHICHMADETHEINITIALANTIBIOTICTREATMENTAPPROPRIATEINALLCASESSTATISTICALANALYSISCATEGORICALVARIABLESWEREEXPRESSEDASPERCENTAGESANDCONTINUOUSVARIABLESASMEANVALUESSDPERCENTAGESWERECOMPAREDUSINGTHECHISQUARETESTANDMEANSWITHTHETTESTTHEWILCOXONMATCHEDPAIRSTESTWASUSEDTOCOMPARETHEMATCHINGCRITERIAAGE,SAPSII,ANDPAO2/FIO2KAPLAN–MEIERCURVESWEREUSEDTOASSESSDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHECOLISTINGROUPANDTHEIMIPENEMGROUPIN1RESOLUTIONOFINFECTIOUSPARAMETERSAFTERTHEINITIATIONOFANTIBIOTICTHERAPYAND2MORTALITYAT28DAYSAFTERTHEONSETOFCOLISTINORIMIPENEMTHERAPYFORVAPCURVESWERECOMPAREDUSINGTHELOGRANKTESTAPVALUE≤005INATWOTAILEDTESTWASCONSIDEREDTOINDICATESTATISTICALSIGNIFICANCERESULTSDURINGTHESTUDYPERIOD,1,208PATIENTSWEREADMITTEDTOTHEUNITONETHOUSANDANDSEVENTYSIXOFTHEM891RETABLE1MATCHINGCRITERIAOFTHESTUDYPOPULATIONCOLISTINGROUPN60IMIPENEMGROUPN60PEFFECTIVENESSOFMATCHINGAGEYEARS434±188414±167060100SAPS352±123332±108035100PAO2/FIO2ONDAYOFINITIATIONOFANTIBIOTICS213±79215±81087100TABLE2BASELINECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESTUDYPOPULATIONCOLISTINGROUPN60IMIPENEMGROUPN60PREASONFORADMISSIONNACUTERESPIRATORYFAILURE71178133078COMA8133466022MULTIPLETRAUMA42704880020POSTOPERATIVERESUSCITATION3500024SEXRATIOMALE/FEMALE65445045SHOCKN183014233040ANTIBIOTICSN467673965016PAO2/FIO2ATADMISSION311±82313±8409UREANITROGENMMOL/L59±1964±20018SERUMCREATININEΜMOL/L797±178820±154046CEIVEDMECHANICALVENTILATIONAND123114DEVELOPEDVAPIN78634OFTHESEPATIENTSTHEVAPCAUSEDBYPDRABAUMANIIORPAERUGINOSAANDWASTREATEDWITHCOLISTINOFTHESE78PATIENTSPOTENTIALLYELIGIBLEASCASES,12WEREEXCLUDEDBECAUSEOFRENALFAILUREATTHEONSETOFCOLISTINTHERAPYOFTHE66REMAININGCASEPATIENTSENROLLEDINTHESTUDY,MATCHINGWASPOSSIBLEFORONLY60909ALLPATIENTSWEREMATCHEDFORAGE,SAPSII,ANDPAO2/FIO2ATTHEONSETOFANTIBIOTICTHERAPYFORVAP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簡介：LOHRASBIF,GHAHIJLM,YAZDANSHENASMEINFLUENCEOFWEAVETYPEANDWEFTDENSITYONWORSTEDFABRICPILLINGFIBRESORONEMAYCONCLUDETHAT,INSOMECASES,LESSPILLINGFORMSONTHESURFACEWHENTHEWARPOUTNUMBERSTHEWEFTIELESSENGAGEMENTBETWEENWARPANDWEFT,PROVIDEDTHATTHEDENSITYOFTHEWARPISFARLARGERTHANTHATOFTHEWEFTBUTINSOMEFABRICS,INCREASINGTHEWEFTDENSITYWILLFORMFEWERPILLSONTHESURFACEFABRICKEYWORDSWORSTEDFABRICS,WEAVETYPE,WEFTDENSITY,PILLING1THEESTABLISHMENTOFALOCALISEDAREAOFHIGHFUZZDENSITY,2THEDEVELOPMENTOFALOOSEENTANGLEMENTWITHINTHATAREA,3THETIGHTENINGOFTHEENTANGLEMENTINTOAROUGHLYSPHERICALMASSOFFIBRE,4THEPULLINGOUTOFTHEANCHORFIBRESTOFORMADISCRETE,MOBILEPILL,5THEFRACTUREOFCERTAINFIBREDUETOTHERELOCATIONOFAPILL,6THEFRACTUREOFREMAININGFIBREANDTHELOSSOFTHEPILL6MICROPILLDEVELOPMENTISCOVEREDBYTHEFIRSTTHREESTEPS,WHICHMEANSTHEFIRSTENTANGLEMENTZONETHEDEVELOPMENTOFFUZZINTOAPILLISSHOWNINFIGURE1GINTISANDMEADSHOWEDTHATTHEINCREASEDSTRENGTHANDFLEXLIFEOFSYNTHETICFIBRESREDUCESTHERATEOFPILLWEAROFF,RESULTINGINHIGHERPILLDENSITIESANDAGREATLYINCREASEDPILLLIFEINADDITION,THETENACITYANDRIGIDITYOFTHEFIBRESAFFECTTHEFUZZDEVELOPMENTPHASE26ANDSUBSEQUENTFUZZENTANGLEMENTINSUCHAWAYTHATFIBRESWITHARELATIVELYHIGHTENINTRODUCTIONPILLINGISANIMPORTANTPROBLEMNOTONLYFORTEXTILEANDCLOTHESMANUFACTURERSBUTALSOFORUSERSTHEEFFECTOFTHEPILLINGPROCESSRESULTSINASIGNIFICANTDECREASEINFABRICQUALITYANDANEGATIVEINFLUENCEONUSERCOMFORT1SIROSPUNYARNSAREQUITESUFFICIENTANDCOMPARABLETOTWOPLIEDYARNSINMANYOFTHEPERFORMANCECHARACTERISTICSOFWOVENWORSTEDFABRICSWHENOPTIMUMCONDITIONSAREPROVIDEDINTHEIRPRODUCTIONPROCESSSUCHFABRICSRESISTTHEFORMATIONOFPILLINGANDABRASIONATNEARLYTHESAMELEVEL,ANDHAVEASIMILARAPPEARANCE2APARTFROMTHEHIGHVARIETYOFGARMENTDESIGNS,DURABILITYISALSOANIMPORTANTFACTORTHEREFORECERTAINSPECIFICATIONSLIKEPILLING,WHICHAFFECTSDURABILITY,ISONEOFTHECRITICALPROBLEMSINTHEGARMENTINDUSTRYPILLINGISAFABRICDEFECTWHICHISOBSERVEDASSMALLFIBREBALLSORGROUPSCONSISTINGOFINTERVENEDFIBRESTHATHAVEBEENATTACHEDTOTHEFABRICSURFACEBYONEORMOREFIBRES3PILLINGOFTENREPRESENTSASERIOUSDEFECTINAFABRICORGARMENTNOTONLYDOESITDETRACTFROMTHEAPPEARANCEANDHANDLEOFTHEPRODUCT,BUTITALSOHASANACCELERATINGEFFECTONTHERATEOFFIBREREMOVALFROMTHEYARNSTRUCTURE,HENCEMATERIALLYREDUCINGTHESERVICELIFE4THROUGHTHEPILLFORMATIONPROCESS,FIBREENTANGLEMENTMAKESSOMEDEFORMITIESONTHEFABRICSURFACE5PILLINITIATIONANDDEVELOPMENTFOLLOWAWELLESTABLISHEDPATTERNWITHSIXSTAGESFIGURE1STEPSINPILLFORMATION51FUZZ,2LOOSEENTANGLEMENT,3PILLTIGHTENTANGLEMENT,4SPIRALENTANGLEMENT412FIBRESTEXTILESINEASTERNEUROPE2011,VOL19,NO58866WEAVETYPESANDWEFTDENSITIES,SUPPLIEDBYTHEIRANMERINOSANDMOTAHHARICOMPANIESDETAILEDSPECIFICATIONSOFTHESAMPLESARELISTEDINTABLE1ITMUSTBENOTEDTHATTHEFIBREPROCESSESANDSPINNINGSYSTEMSAREEXACTLYTHESAMEEACHSAMPLEWASPROCESSEDWITH4DIFFERENTWEFTDENSITIES,APARTFROMSAMPLENO6,WHICHHADFIVEDIFFERENTWEFTDENSITIESTHESIZEOFTHESAMPLESWAS90150CMWEPREPARED3PIECESOFEACHSAMPLE,THEBACKANDFRONT,ANDTHEWARPANDWEFTDIRECTIONSWEREMARKEDTOENSURETHERANDOMNESSOFTHETESTS,WECHOSESAMPLESFROMDIFFERENTPLACESOFTHEFABRICSURFACEITMUSTBENOTEDTHATINTHEMARTINDALETEST,TWOPIECESOFTHESAMPLESMUSTBEINFULLCONTACTWITHEACHOTHERTESTSWEREPERFORMEDINSTANDARDCONDITIONS65RHAND20°CINTHEPILLINGTEST,ONEPIECEOFTHESAMPLEHADTOBESETONTHELOWERHEADOFTHEMACHINETABLE4TECHNICALDATAFORWOOLFIBREOFA384/2TEXAND25/2TEXYARNCOUNTTESTTYPETESTRESULT384/2TEX25/2TEXFIBREFINENESS,ΜM2219WEIGHTOFSLIVER,G/M2064MEANLENGTH,MM7063TABLE5TECHNICALDATAFORPOLYESTERTOPSOFA384/2TEXAND25/2TEXYARNCOUNTTESTTYPETESTRESULT384/2TEX25/2TEXFIBREFINENESS,ΜM2424MEANLENGTH,MM9191TABLE6TECHNICALDATAFORYARNTWISTANDTWISTDIRECTIONWARPANDWEFTCOUNT,TEXTPMTWOPLYTWISTDIRECTIONTWOPLYTPMONEPLYTWISTDIRECTIONTWOPLY50/2575S662Z384/2636S732Z25/2821S944ZTABLE2TECHNICALDATAFORWOOLFIBREOF50/2TEXYARNCOUNTTESTTYPETESTRESULTFIBREFINENESS,ΜM233WEIGHTOFSLIVER,G/M1867MEANLENGTH,MM57TABLE3TECHNICALDATAFORPOLYESTERTOPSOF50/2TEXYARNCOUNTTESTTYPETESTRESULTFIBREFINENESS,DTEX3MEANLENGTH,MM666IEONTHEFELT,ANDTHESMALLERPIECEHADTOBEADJUSTEDTOTHEMOVINGHEADOFTHEMACHINETHETESTCYCLESWERESETAT125,500,750,1000,1500AND2000ACCORDINGTOISO129452000AFTEREACHTESTRUN,THENUMBEROFPILLSWASCOUNTEDHORIZONTALLYBYAMAGNIFIERUNDERAFLUORESCENTLIGHTITMUSTBENOTEDTHATTHELIGHTSHOULDBESETATANANGLEOF5TO15DEGREESTOTHEFABRICSURFACE,ANDALSOTHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHESAMPLESANDTHEEYEMUSTBEBETWEEN30TO50CMTHEMEANVALUEOFTHENUMBEROFPILLSOFEACHSAMPLEWASRECORDED8RAWMATERIALSPECIFICATIONSTHESPECIFICATIONSOFWOOLFIBRESPROCESSEDTOA50/2TEXYARNCOUNTBYTHEIRANMERINOSCOMPANYARELISTEDINTABLE2TECHNICALDATAOFTHEPOLYESTERFIBREAREALSOGIVENINTABLE3TECHNICALDATAOFFIBREPROCESSEDTOA384/2TEXAND25/2TEXYARNCOUNTBYTHEMOTAHHARICOMPANYCANALSOBESEENINTABLES4,5AND6NRESULTSANDDISCUSSIONTHEYARNTWISTQUANTITYCOULDAFFECTTHEPILLINGPROPERTIESOFFABRICSANINCREASEINTHETWISTFACTORRESULTSINADECREASEINFIBREMIGRATION,FUZZGENERATIONANDPILLINGWEUSEDTHESAMETPMANDTWISTDIRECTIONFORTHEWEFTANDWARPYARNSAMPLESTOELIMINATETHEEFFECTOFTHETWISTPARAMETERONTHEPILLINGFABRICSWORSTEDFABRICWITH50/2TEXWARPANDWEFTASREGARDSSAMPLE1,WEAVETWILL1/2LEFTTORIGHTFROMFIGURE5AITISOBVIOUSTHATWHENTHEWEFTDENSITYISINCREASEDFIRSTFROM15TO16ANDTHENTO185,THENUMBEROFPILLSDECREASESFROM69TO60THISAPPROACHISCONTINUEDBYINCREASINGTHEWEFTDENSITYMOREOVER,FIGURE5BILLUSTRATESTHATBYINCREASINGTHEWEFTDENSITYOFTHEFABRICX,THENUMBEROFPILLSYDECREASEACCORDINGTOTHELINEAREQUATIONY108415–2641XANDCORRELATIONCOEFFICIENT0699ACCORDINGTOTABLE7,THESIGNIFICANCELEVELOFTHEEXAMINATIONISLESSTHAN5,ANDITISCONCLUDEDTHATTHEREISAREALRELATIONBETWEENPILLINGANDTHEWEFTDENSITYOFFABRICASREGARDSSAMPLE2WEAVETWILL2/1LEFTTORIGHT,INFIGURE6AWECANSEETHATTHENUMBEROFPILLSDECREASESFROM65TO51WHENTHEWEFTDENSITYISINCREASEDFIRSTFROM15TO16ANDTHENTO185MOREOVER,INFIGURE6BITISILLUSTRATEDTHATBYINCREASINGTHEWEFTDENSITYOFTHEFABRICX,THENUMBEROFPILLSYDECREASESACCORDINGTOTHELINEAREQUATIONY123245–3805XANDCORRELATIONCOEFFICIENT0758ACCORDINGTOTABLE8,THESIGNIFICANCELEVELOFTHEEXAMINATIONISLESSTHAN5,ANDITISCONCLUDEDTHATTHEREISAREALRELATIONBETWEENPILLINGANDTHEWEFTDENSITYOFFABRICTHECOMPUTEDSIGFROMTHETTESTINTABLE9ISABOUT005,WHICHMEANSSAMPLES1AND2AREOBVIOUSLYDIFFERENTINTHEIRRESPONSESTOTHETESTTHEMEANVALUEOFPILLSINSAMPLE2ISLOWERCOMPAREDTOSAMPLE1SAMPLES1AND2HAVENEARLYTHESAMEWEAVECONSTRUCTIONASWELLASTHESAMETWISTPERMETERANDTWISTDIRECTIONSAMPLE1TWILL1/2LEFTTORIGHTANDSAMPLE2TWILL2/1LEFTTORIGHTHOWEVER,THEREISMOREWARPYARNONTHEFABRICSURFACEINSAMPLE2,ANDTHEDENSITYOFTHEWARPISFARMORETHANTHATOFTHEWEFT,HENCEFIBRESCANNOTEASILYCOMEOUTFROMTHEFABRICSURFACETOFORMPILLS,ANDTHUSTHENUMBEROFPILLSISFEWERTHANINSAMPLE2

簡介：地理信息系統(tǒng)在城市規(guī)劃和管理的應(yīng)用以馬來西亞為例地理信息系統(tǒng)在城市規(guī)劃和管理的應(yīng)用以馬來西亞為例摘要摘要20世紀(jì)70年代以來，馬來西亞正在經(jīng)歷一場快速的城市化變革，并成為在亞洲地區(qū)最發(fā)達(dá)的國家之一。城市化有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，但如果不加控制，會(huì)對社會(huì)和自然環(huán)境產(chǎn)生消極影響。伴隨著地理信息技術(shù)（GIT）的發(fā)展，它正不斷影響著城市和區(qū)域規(guī)劃，當(dāng)務(wù)之急就是更好地把地理信息技術(shù)納入到城市規(guī)劃的決策和管理中去,并依賴于實(shí)時(shí)的空間模型GIT去提供解決城市問題的方案與決策。城市和鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃法1976年法案和最新2001年修訂的發(fā)展計(jì)劃，需要依據(jù)城市自身的發(fā)展情況不斷更新，才能為目前城市的發(fā)展提供框架和導(dǎo)向。集成地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）為此提供了一個(gè)工具，它能夠使人更清晰地理解規(guī)劃問題和規(guī)范規(guī)劃方案以提高城市規(guī)劃和管理的質(zhì)量。本文將闡述如何把GIS運(yùn)用到戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃與提高管理上。舉例說明地理信息系統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃用途，在高一級(jí)的比如有關(guān)國家物質(zhì)規(guī)劃、區(qū)域規(guī)劃和國家結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)劃，而在地方一級(jí)比如地理信息系統(tǒng)一體化，地方規(guī)劃和分區(qū)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。本文也將突出在控制城市管理用途上地理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。地理信息系統(tǒng)最主要的是提供了一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的平臺(tái)，在決策者規(guī)劃支持系統(tǒng)（PSS）與決策支持系統(tǒng)（DSS）的主要組成部分起著重要作用。最后本文對一些數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì)，分析技術(shù)，規(guī)劃和管理框架，其中包含了對地理信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行討論。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞發(fā)展規(guī)劃，地理信息系統(tǒng)，規(guī)劃支持系統(tǒng)和決策支持系統(tǒng)1010．簡介簡介發(fā)展在大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家已成為一個(gè)全球性的問題，因?yàn)榭焖俚某鞘谢M(jìn)程已不能再被控制。由于不加控制和難以管理的發(fā)展，生存環(huán)境和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面顯然受到最大的影響。顯然，規(guī)劃制度對于管理和控制發(fā)展上具有重要作用。目前，信息技術(shù)（GIT）在馬來西亞大大影響了城市和區(qū)域規(guī)劃的性質(zhì)，從而在有關(guān)的城市地區(qū)幫助改善決策、規(guī)劃和管理。城市和鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃法令，1976年與2001年最新修正法（ACT172），體現(xiàn)了在發(fā)展規(guī)劃過程中對地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）的關(guān)注，特別是在制訂發(fā)展計(jì)劃中。對已經(jīng)納入發(fā)展計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況的劃統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)，如就業(yè)和住房，還有確定土地利用方式也至關(guān)重要，很明顯的，這些都緊密的聯(lián)系在一起。從根本上講，地理信息系統(tǒng)能夠支持所有的空間數(shù)據(jù)處理階段，包括手工或半自動(dòng)化的數(shù)字化，數(shù)字化檢查和數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)字地圖邊緣的文件和信息輸出到圖形硬拷貝設(shè)備或繪圖儀匹配的編輯。以下是一個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)的主要功能1）在敘事的功能信息應(yīng)有助于說明情況2）在認(rèn)知功能信息系統(tǒng)也有助于改善提供關(guān)鍵因素，并加以分析，可以在城市和區(qū)域問題的認(rèn)識(shí)上使用城市和區(qū)域建模和其他變量的統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)3）規(guī)范性功能信息系統(tǒng)也有助于通過減少已知的后果或減少對已采取或即將采取的行動(dòng)的后果的不確定性行動(dòng)的成本改善行動(dòng)。新出現(xiàn)的城市問題，規(guī)劃部門將會(huì)提高其能力和管理這些問題的有效性。城市系統(tǒng)再也不能簡單對待土地使用和交通概念來界定。該規(guī)劃的城市系統(tǒng)的概念必須擴(kuò)大到包括社會(huì)，政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)變數(shù)。對這些問題都必須解決的問題混合在一起，創(chuàng)建了實(shí)驗(yàn)情況，即許多替代品必須受到審判，組合，改進(jìn)和分析測試，并受到公眾的討論。因此，應(yīng)用地理信息系統(tǒng)是堅(jiān)持引進(jìn)和城市規(guī)劃方面的管理。后來，眾所周知，地理信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)提供了一種工具，它可以有助于把更清晰的規(guī)劃問題的真正理解以及規(guī)范性規(guī)劃方案，以提高城市規(guī)劃和管理（YAAKUP，1991）的質(zhì)量。3131地理信息系統(tǒng)和空間規(guī)劃地理信息系統(tǒng)和空間規(guī)劃在規(guī)劃方面的分析上，大多資料都來自印刷的地圖、實(shí)地調(diào)查、航空攝影和衛(wèi)星圖像。地理信息系統(tǒng)把從來源于多種數(shù)據(jù)格式的數(shù)據(jù)集成在一起，它們具有共同的地理參照，從而提供了最新資料（格里姆肖，1988年庫爾森和BROMLEY，1990）。在解決數(shù)據(jù)的空間參照方面，地理信息系統(tǒng)一直被認(rèn)為是最適當(dāng)?shù)慕鉀Q辦法。將地理信息系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用于決策計(jì)劃過程，引用爾金斯（1972），他認(rèn)為最好的規(guī)劃必將通過更好的信息，更好的信息流通，必然會(huì)是一個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)。

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簡介：2250英文單詞，英文單詞，10500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文3300字本科生畢業(yè)論文（外文翻譯）文（外文翻譯）譯文名稱MCS51系列單片機(jī)的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)自動(dòng)化班次學(xué)員指導(dǎo)教員評(píng)閱人完成時(shí)間SEATTLEROBOTICSCMUCAM1APPMODTMVISIONSYSTEMFORBOEBOT’SUSERGUIDE第3頁P(yáng)ERSONSOFARITHMETICOPERATIONANDUNITALUOFLOGICOPERATIONWHILEINCLUDINGONE,THE1STORINGDEVICETEMPORARILIESOF8,STORINGDEVICE2TEMPORARILY,8SACCUMULATIONDEVICEACC,REGISTERBANDPROCEDURESTATEREGISTERPSW,ETCPERSONWHOACCUMULATEACCCOUNTBY2INPUTENDSENTEREDOFCHECKINGETCTEMPORARILYASONEOPERATIONOFTEN,COMEFROMPERSONWHOSTORE1OPERATIONISITISITMAKEOPERATIONTOGOONTOCOUNTTEMPORARILY,OPERATIONRESULTANDLOOPBACKACCWITHANOTHERONEINADDITION,ACCISOFTENREGARDEDASTHETRANSFERSTATIONOFDATATRANSMISSIONON8051INSIDETHESAMEASGENERALMICROPROCESSOR,ITISTHEBUSIESTREGISTERHELPREMEMBERINGTHATAGREEINGWITHAEXPRESSESINTHEORDERTHECONTROLLERINCLUDESTHEPROCEDURECOUNTER,THEORDERISDEPOSITTED,THEORDERDECIPHER,THEOSCILLATORANDTIMINGCIRCUIT,ETCTHEPROCEDURECOUNTERISMADEUPOFCOUNTEROF8FORTWO,AMOUNTSTO16ITISABYTEADDRESSCOUNTEROFTHEPROCEDUREINFACT,THECONTENTISTHENEXTIATHATWILLCARRIEDOUTINPCTHECONTENTWHICHCHANGESITCANCHANGETHEDIRECTIONTHATTHEPROCEDURECARRIESOUTSHAKETHECIRCUITIN8051ONECHIPCOMPUTERS,ONLYNEEDOUTERQUARTZCRYSTALANDFREQUENCYTOFINELYTUNETHEELECTRICCAPACITY,ITSFREQUENCYRANGEISITS12MHZOF12MHZTHISPULSESIGNAL,AS8051BASICBEATSOFWORKING,NAMELYTHEMINIMUMUNITOFTIME8051ISTHESAMEASOTHERCOMPUTERS,THEWORKINHARMONYUNDERTHECONTROLOFTHEBASICBEAT,JUSTLIKEANORCHESTRAACCORDINGTOTHEBEATPLAYTHATISCOMMANDEDTHEREAREROMPROCEDUREMEMORY,CANONLYREADANDRAMIN8051SLICESDATAMEMORY,CANISITCANWRITETWOTOREAD,THEYHAVEEACHINDEPENDENTMEMORYADDRESSSPACE,DISPOSEWAYTOBETHESAMEWITHGENERALMEMORYOFCOMPUTERPROCEDURE8051MEMORYAND8751SLICEPROCEDUREMEMORYCAPACITY4KB,ADDRESSBEGINFROM0000H,USEDFORPRESERVINGTHEPROCEDUREANDFORMCONSTANTDATA805187518031OFMEMORYDATAMEMORY128B,ADDRESSFALSE00FH,USEFORMIDDLERESULTTODEPOSITOPERATION,THEDATAARESTOREDTEMPORARILYANDTHEDATAAREBUFFEREDETCINRAMOFTHIS128B,THEREISUNITOF32BYTESESTHATCANBEAPPOINTEDASTHEJOBREGISTER,THISANDGENERALMICROPROCESSORIS

簡介：中文中文4070字20122012屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文論文外文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯文獻(xiàn)翻譯學(xué)院院電氣與自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)測控技術(shù)與儀器姓名名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)外文出處外文出處PROCOFTHE8THWSEASINTCONFONMATHEMATICALMETHODSANDCOMPUTATIONALTECHNIQUESINELECTRICALENGINEERING,BUCHAREST,OCTOBER1617,2006附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文感器，現(xiàn)有的計(jì)算功能成為解決問題的另一個(gè)重要常用的方法，從而確保了DMCS的安全。因此目前迫切需要制定適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ê凸ぞ咭源_保這些系統(tǒng)1，8的安全?，F(xiàn)在的軟件系統(tǒng)在測量系統(tǒng)中起著巨大的作用，也往往決定了他們的質(zhì)量。日益增長的處理器計(jì)算能力和內(nèi)存容量允許發(fā)展更多的復(fù)雜軟件。低成本和易于使用的軟件設(shè)計(jì)、提供獨(dú)立的信息和使用信息和通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的安全交換庫和工具成為創(chuàng)造新的分布式測量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法和工具的一個(gè)重要問題?，F(xiàn)有的軟件專門為DMCS設(shè)計(jì)的工具，如LABVIEW的集成軟件環(huán)境、LABWINDOWS/CVI、HPVEE，使開發(fā)過程變的簡單和靈活，但其中不包括安全的數(shù)據(jù)交換庫。安全問題只有輕微的考慮，已造成一定的訪問控制機(jī)制如基于登錄名和密碼識(shí)別系統(tǒng)引入到應(yīng)用程序的某些部分（前面板及其組件）。但有沒有使用加密方法，節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的信息發(fā)送明確，主要是一個(gè)純文本。因此，似乎有必要制定一個(gè)完整的程序和工具，并針對特定的編程環(huán)境，安全的分布式測量系統(tǒng)，這將使應(yīng)用程序或系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)在一個(gè)簡單而直觀的方式來設(shè)計(jì)和模擬。添加這些程序應(yīng)有助于確保數(shù)據(jù)的安全傳輸，在任何通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和新建的測量系統(tǒng)對控制數(shù)據(jù)有完整的認(rèn)證機(jī)制。在以前的工作中，作者分析了LABVIEW環(huán)境的能力，為有效實(shí)施加密算法1。本文中所描述的在下一階段的工作，是發(fā)展新的數(shù)學(xué)工具LABVIEW環(huán)境大量庫（又稱大整數(shù)或任意長度的整數(shù)庫）。這個(gè)庫允許對任意數(shù)量的計(jì)算（限制在可用內(nèi)存之內(nèi)）的小數(shù)位數(shù)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過在計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的典型代表（32或64位）。大批被廣泛使用在許多流行的加密算法，包括RSA，拉賓的ELGAMAL公鑰加密系統(tǒng)，使用數(shù)據(jù)加密和安全的數(shù)字簽名的產(chǎn)生2,3。除了基本的算術(shù)運(yùn)算在合適的維數(shù)或有限的操作數(shù)模N，計(jì)算在相反的元素如代數(shù)和素性測試算法的功能。本文介紹了大數(shù)庫的LABVIEW環(huán)境的實(shí)施方案。本文的主要目的是，以不同的方式顯示在LABVIEW環(huán)境中實(shí)施加密算法，并將給予進(jìn)一步研究是有幫助的工具，因?yàn)樗菍?shí)施特定的算法的基礎(chǔ)。該論文還提供了有關(guān)的公共密鑰加密系統(tǒng)的基本理論知識(shí)，在建立安全和可靠的DMCS它被認(rèn)為是有用的。這樣一個(gè)簡短的教程，應(yīng)該有助于更好地理解主題。紙張安排如下在第2

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簡介：SENSORSANDACTUATORSA116200466–74AWATERFLOWMETERUSINGDUALFIBERBRAGGGRATINGSENSORSANDCROSSCORRELATIONTECHNIQUESHOICHITAKASHIMA?,HIROSHIASANUMA,HIROAKINIITSUMAGRADUATESCHOOLOFENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES,TOHOKUUNIVERSITY,20AZAAOBA,ARAMAKI,AOBAKU,SENDAI,JAPANRECEIVED14DECEMBER2003RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM11MARCH2004ACCEPTED21MARCH2004AVAILABLEONLINE27JULY2004ABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,APRINCIPLEANDEXPERIMENTALRESULTSOFACROSSCORRELATIONFLOWMETERUSINGFIBERBRAGGGRATINGFBGSENSORSAREPRESENTEDTHEFLOWMETERHASNOELECTRONICSANDNOMECHANICALPARTSINITSSENSINGPARTANDTHESTRUCTUREISTHUSSIMPLEANDIMMUNETOELECTROMAGNETICINTERFERENCEEMIFORWATERFLOWMEASUREMENT,THEFLOWMETERUSESTHETIMEDELAYOFTHEVORTEXSIGNALGENERATEDBYABLUFFBODYKARMANVORTEXSHEDDINGFREQUENCYISALSODETECTEDANDUTILIZEDFORTHEFLOWVELOCITYESTIMATIONINTHESYSTEMINORDERTOREALIZEALOWNOISEANDWIDEBANDWIDTHSYSTEM,WEEMPLOYEDINTERFEROMETRICDETECTIONASAFBGWAVELENGTHSHIFTDETECTIONMETHODTHENOISESPECTRALDENSITYOFTHEFBGSENSORWITHTHEINTERFEROMETRICDETECTIONWAS410?4PM/HZ1/2CORRESPONDINGTO033NΕ/HZ1/2AWATERFLOWEXPERIMENTSHOWEDTHATTHEFLOWMETERHADALINEARCHARACTERISTICATVELOCITYRANGEFROM0TO10M/SANDTHEMINIMUMDETECTABLEVELOCITYOF005M/S?2004ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSFIBERBRAGGGRATINGFBGINTERFEROMETRICDETECTIONCROSSCORRELATIONFLOWMETERKARMANVORTEX1INTRODUCTIONFIBERBRAGGGRATINGFBGSENSORSHAVEVARIOUSADVANTAGESSUCHASSMALLSIZE,SIMPLICITYINSENSINGPRINCIPLE,ELECTROMAGNETICINTERFERENCEEMIIMMUNITYANDCAPABILITYOFMULTIPLEXINGBECAUSEOFTHESEADVANTAGES,ANUMBEROFBASICRESEARCHESANDAPPLICATIONSONFBGSENSORSHAVEBEENMADE1–3INTELECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS,FBGSAREUSEDASADDDROPMULTIPLEXERSBECAUSEOFTHEIRNARROWBANDWIDTHTYPICALLY01NMTHEFBGAPPLICATIONTOOPTICALTUNABLEFILTERSISALSOUSEFULFORDISCRIMINATIONOFTHESIGNALSINFBGSENSORSYSTEMS4THEAPPLICATIONSTOSMARTSTRUCTURESANDHEALTHMONITORINGAREATTRACTIVEANDHAVEBEENINVESTIGATEDACTIVELY5,6FBGSAREEMBEDDEDINCOMPOSITEMATERIALSANDUSEDASSTRAINANDTEMPERATURESENSORSINTHEAPPLICATIONINTHEFIELDOFCIVILENGINEERING,STRAINMEASUREMENTSFORBRIDGESANDBUILDINGSAREMADEUSINGFBGSENSORARRAYSWITHWAVELENGTHDIVISIONMULTIPLEXINGWDMANDTIMEDIVISIONMULTIPLEXINGTDM7INTHEFBGSENSORAPPLICATIONS,THECHOICEOFTHEWAVELENGTHSHIFTDETECTIONMETHODISVERYIMPORTANTBECAUSETHENOISELEVELANDTHEMEASUREMENTBANDWIDTHOF?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL81222177401FAX81222177401EMAILADDRESSSHOICHINI2KANKYOTOHOKUACJPSTAKASHIMATHESYSTEMAREMAINLYDETERMINEDBYTHEDETECTIONMETHODTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDDETECTIONMETHODISTHETUNABLEFILTERDETECTIONUSINGFABRY–PEROTFILTERTHISMETHODISTHESTANDARDTECHNIQUEANDPROVIDESSTATICORQUASISTATICMEASUREMENTWITHASTRAINRESOLUTIONOF1?ΕANOTHERPROMISINGMETHODISTHEINTERFEROMETRICDETECTION8,9THISMETHODHASTHECAPABILITYOFDYNAMICMEASUREMENTWITHHIGHSTRAINRESOLUTIONINTHEORDEROFNΕ/HZ1/2THEREARESOMEREPORTSABOUTTHENOISEESTIMATIONOFTHEFBGSENSORWITHINTERFEROMETRICDETECTION10–12OURSUBJECTOFRESEARCHISTHEFBGAPPLICATIONTOAWATERFLOWMETERTHEREAREVARIOUSKINDSOFFLOWMETERSINCLUDINGTURBINEFLOWMETERS,VORTEXFLOWMETERSANDDIFFERENTIALPRESSURETYPEFLOWMETERSMEASURANDSOFFLOWMETERSARERANGINGOVERVARIOUSFLOWINCLUDINGWATERFLOW,GASFLOWANDMULTIPHASEFLOWCROSSCORRELATIONFLOWMETER,WHICHUTILIZESATIMEDELAYOFSIGNALSBYCOHERENTSTRUCTURESINCLUDINGVORTICESANDNATURALLYEXISTINGUNSTEADYPRESSUREFIELD,ISUSUALLYUSEDFORPIPEFLOWMEASUREMENTTHEADVANTAGEOFTHECROSSCORRELATIONFLOWMETERISITSSIMPLICITYINSENSINGPRINCIPLETHEONLYPARAMETERREQUIREDTOTHEFLOWMETERISTHEDISTANCEBETWEENTWOSENSORSINTHECROSSCORRELATIONFLOWMETER,TWOPAIROFAULTRASONICTRANSMITTERANDARECEIVERAREUSUALLYUSEDBECAUSEOFTHEIRNONINTRUSIVENESSTOTHEFLOW13THEFLOWMETERUSINGTHEULTRASONICTRANSDUCERSHASAGOODLINEARITYATWIDEVELOCITYRANGETHE09244247/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2004ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JSNA20040302668STAKASHIMAETAL/SENSORSANDACTUATORSA116200466–74FIG2SCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFTHEFLOWMEASUREMENTSYSTEMWHEREP12ISTHEELASTOOPTICCONSTANTOFTHEOPTICALFIBERANDISAPPROXIMATELY022THISYIELDSTHESTRAINSENSITIVITYOF12PM/?ΕTOOBTAINTHESHIFTΔΛB,THEOUTPUTSOFTHEINTERFEROMETERAREUSED,ANDTHEOUTPUTSVMM1,2,3AREEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWS9VMΑMVINREΓΤΑMVIN1ΓCOSΘMZIΘM,5WHEREΓΤISTHEAUTOCORRELATIONFUNCTIONOFLIGHTWAVEREFLECTEDBYTHEFBGSENSOR,VINISTHEVOLTAGECORRESPONDINGTOOPTICALPOWERREFLECTEDBYTHEFBGSENSOR,ANDΑMISTHECOEFFICIENTCOMPENSATINGDIFFERENCESOFPHOTODETECTORSENSITIVITIESANDOBTAINEDFROMPRELIMINARYEXPERIMENTSIFTHESPLITRATIOSOFTHE22AND33COUPLERSARE11AND111,RESPECTIVELY,ONECANOBTAINΘ10,Θ22Π/3ANDΘ3?2Π/3,ANDTHEOUTPUTSV1,V2ANDV3AREDERIVEDASFOLLOWS?????????????V1Α1VIN1ΓCOSΘMZIV2Α2VIN?1ΓCOS?ΘMZI2Π3??V3Α3VIN?1ΓCOS?ΘMZI?2Π3??6THESIGNALΘMZICANBETHENCALCULATEDUSINGTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATIONΘMZI2ΠLΛBTAN?1√3V2?V3V2V3?2V1,7WHERELISTHEOPTICALPATHDIFFERENCEOFTHEINTERFEROMETERTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESIGNALVARIATIONΔΘMZIANDTHESHIFTΔΛBISEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWSΔΘMZI2ΠLΛBΔΛB?2ΠLΛB?2ΠLΛBΛBΔΛBΔΛB≈?2ΠLΛ2BΔΛB,8WHERETHETERMΛBΔΛBWASASSUMEDTOBENEARLYEQUALTOΛBBECAUSETHESHIFTΔΛBISSIGNIFICANTLYSMALLERTHANΛBANACCIDENTALLOSSOFOPTICALPOWERWHILEMEASUREMENT,WHICHCAUSESPROBLEMSINOPTICALINTENSITYMODULATIONTYPESENSORS,ISADMISSIBLEINSOMEMEASUREBECAUSETHEWAVELENGTHTOPHASESENSITIVITY?2ΠL/Λ2BDEPENDSONONLYTHEPATHDIFFERENCEL3NOISEESTIM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簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題INTRODUCTIONTOASPNETCORE外文作者FANIEREYNDERS文獻(xiàn)出處FANIEREYNDERSINTRODUCTIONTOASPNETCOREMMODERNAPIDESIGNWITHASPNETCORE22018922如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3105單詞，16580字符，中文6192漢字。INTRODUCTIONTOASPNETCOREFANIEREYNDERSACTIVESERVERPAGESASPWASFIRSTINTRODUCEDIN1998ASMICROSOFT’SFLAGSHIPDEVELOPMENTFRAMEWORKFORBUILDINGSERVERSIDETECHNOLOGIESITWASMEANTTOCOMPETEWITHOTHERWEBFRAMEWORKS,LIKEPHP,WHICHWASVERYPOPULARATTHETIMEITWASINITIALLYDEVELOPEDFORCREATINGANDRUNNINGDYNAMIC,INTERACTIVEWEBAPPLICATIONSUPONREQUESTINGANASPFILE,THEWEBSERVEREXECUTESANYCODEINTHEFILEANDRETURNSTHERESULTITPRODUCESTOTHEBROWSERINITIALLYONLYFOCUSEDONRENDERINGPUREWEBSITESINHYPERTEXTMARKUPLANGUAGEHTMLONTHESERVER,ASPALSOKNOWNASCLASSICASPEVOLVEDTOBECOMEASPNETIN2002ASPARTOFTHENETFRAMEWORKONEOFTHEMOSTUSEDFRAMEWORKSTODAYTHEASPNETFRAMEWORKISTHESUCCESSORTOCLASSICASPANDOFFERSAVASTVARIETYOFAPPLICATIONMODELSFORBUILDINGWEBBASEDAPPLICATIONSFITFORALMOSTANYSCENARIOTOOFTHETOPPERFORMINGFRAMEWORKSONTHETECHEMPOWERBENCHMARKSSITEHTTPS//WWWTECHEMPOWERCOM/BENCHMARKSFURTHERMORE,MULTIPLELANGUAGESARESUPPORTEDBYNETCORE,LIKEC,VB,ANDF,INCLUDINGMODERNPROGRAMMATICCONSTRUCTSLIKEGENERICS,LANGUAGEINTEGRATEDQUERYLINQ,ASYNCHRONOUSPROGRAMMING,ANDOTHERFEATURESONECOULDEXPECTFROMAMODERNLANGUAGEBUILTFROMTHEGROUNDUP,THEASPNETCOREFRAMEWORKISANOPENSOURCE,CROSSPLATFORMWEBPLATFORMFORDEVELOPINGCLOUDBASEDSERVERAPPLICATIONSITCANRUNONBOTHTHEFULLNETFRAMEWORKANDTHENETCOREFRAMEWORK,WHICHISNATIVELYCROSSPLATFORM,MEANINGAPPLICATIONSTARGETINGASPNETCORECANRUNEVERYWHEREASPNETCOREISOPTIMIZEDFORAPPLICATIONSDEPLOYEDBOTHTOTHECLOUDORONPREMISESMODULARITYISATTHEHEARTOFITSDESIGN,MAKINGITEXTREMELYFLEXIBLEANDEXTENSIBLEBYUSINGTHEAVAILABLETOOLINGFORASPNETCORE,YOUCANDEVELOPANDRUNYOURAPPLICATIONSONWINDOWS,LINUX,ANDMACNETCOREVSNETFRAMEWORKALTHOUGHNETCOREANDTHEFULLNETFRAMEWORKSHAREMANYCOMMONCOMPONENTS,THEREAREFUNDAMENTALDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHETWO,ANDCHOOSINGBETWEENTHEMDEPENDSONTHESCENARIOATHANDWHENTHEREISANEEDFORTHEAPPLICATIONTORUNCROSSPLATFORMORHAVEANARCHITECTUREBASEDONMICROSERVICES,TOPROMOTEHIGHAVAILABILITYANDSCALABILITY,ORTORUNSIDEBYSIDEWITHDIFFERENTVERSIONSOFNET,THENUSINGNETCOREWILLBETHERIGHTCHOICEUSETHENETFRAMEWORKIFTHEAPPLICATIONISCURRENTLYUSINGTHEFULLNETFRAMEWORKANDTHERECOMMENDATIONSUGGESTEDEXTENDINGINSTEADOFMIGRATING,ORIFTHEREARETHIRDPARTYLIBRARIES,TECHNOLOGIES,ORPLATFORMSTHATDONOTSUPPORTNETCORE

簡介：INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMCOULSONANDBROMLEY,1990GISHASLONGBEENACCEPTEDASTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATESOLUTIONTOADDRESSSPATIALLYREFERENCEDDATATHEESSENCEOFGISINTHEPLANMAKINGPROCESS,QUOTINGCALKINS1972,SUGGESTEDTHAT‘BETTERPLANNINGWILLBEACHIEVEDTHROUGHBETTERINFORMATION,ANDBETTERINFORMATIONWILLNECESSARILYFLOWFROMANINFORMATIONSYSTEM’HOWEVER,GISALONECANNOTSERVEALLTHENEEDSOFPLANNINGBECAUSETHECURRENTGENERATIONOF“GENERALPURPOSE”SYSTEMSCANNOTEASILYACCOMMODATETHEPARTICULARINFORMATIONAL,COMPUTATIONAL,ANDDISPLAYNEEDSOFPLANNINGCLEARLY,PLANNINGREQUIRESIINFORMATIONTHATISEFFECTIVELY“ASPATIAL”ATAPARTICULARLEVELOFANALYSISIIINFORMATIONOVERTIMEANDIIIMEASURESOFSPATIALINTERACTIONNONEOFTHISCANBEEASILYINCORPORATEDINTOSTANDARDGISPACKAGESHARRISANDBATTY,199332PLANNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMANDDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMGISISAPARTOFTHEPLANNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMSPSS,WHICHALONECANSUPPORTDECISIONMAKINGANDURBANPROBLEMSOLVINGTOACONSIDERABLEEXTENTHOWEVER,PLANNERSWILLHAVETOADAPTEXISTINGGISTOOLSTOMEETTHEIRNEEDSTRADITIONALPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESCANBEUSEDTODEVELOPSPATIALANALYSISANDMODELLINGTOOLSENTIRELYINDEPENDENTOFCOMMERCIALPACKAGESACOMBINATIONOFSOPHISTICATEDGISMACROCOMMANDSANDTRADITIONALPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGECANALSOBEUSEDTODEVELOPANALYTICALMODELSCLOSELYLINKEDTOFULLFEATUREDGISTOOLKITSKLOSTERMAN,2001THEPSSWHICHISACOMBINATIONOFGISDATA,URBANMODELANDPRESENTATIONTECHNIQUEUSINGCOMPUTERFORPLANNINGSUPPORTHASBEENINCREASINGINUSEFORMOREENHANCEDENDPRODUCTSTHEINEVITABLEEVOLVEMENTOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYTOWARDSPSSMEANSTHATTHEEXPLOITATIONOFGISISMORESIGNIFICANTGISWILLSERVEFIRSTASADISPLAYANDCOMMUNICATIVEDEVICE,PRODUCINGMAPSANDCHARTSTHATDESCRIBEPASTANDPRESENTCONDITIONSANDMODELOUTPUTSTHATSUGGESTALTERNATIVEFUTURES,WHICHSUPPORTDECISIONMAKINGONTOPOFTHAT,THEDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMDSSISALSOKNOWNASASYSTEMINWHICHDECISIONMAKERSCOULDRELYONINMAKINGDECISIONS3